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RE: child trauma
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Dear Jan,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Your perspective is very helpful to me!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>My concerns have to do with effective processes of change.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>When leadership (government or administration) mandates a change
in practice, without implementing a co-occurring replacement program, there is
created a void or vacuum (the result when one practice is de-legitimized and
removed from service and no legitimate practice is put into use as a replacement)
into which is drawn many dysfunctional alternative practices. The length
of time during which this void / vacuum remains is an important consideration
as the dysfunctional practices that are created during the void will persist
for an extended period after new practices are put in place and trained to
effective levels.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Change by leadership mandate can be quite abrupt and uncertain
creating an anxious void. Effective change in quality is an ongoing
process maintained at the grassroots level: build foundational and progressive change
before altering the superstructure. Train the new and more effective practices
and the toxic practices will diminish to extinction over time.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Ken<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Kenneth H. Little, MA<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Mad River Behavioral Health<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Campton, NH 03223<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>603-236-6893 <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
bounce-3479037-6833746@list.cornell.edu
[mailto:bounce-3479037-6833746@list.cornell.edu] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Willems J
(IR)<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, January 20, 2009 5:09 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Child Maltreatment Researchers<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: child trauma<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence'>Dear
Kenneth Little,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence'>Non-violent
discipline is part of parental responsibility in Dutch law since 2007 (Civil
Code). This is a form of child rights based responsibilisation of parents which
should go hand in hand with empowerment of parents, as you rightly describe.
Professional centers for all parents are now being set up in The Netherlands
(local Centers for Youth-and-Family) to lower thresholds for parents to ask
advice on, i.a., positive (non-violent) discipline, on which information
leaflets for parents are available. Parenthood education in schools and
parenting education for all parents are next on lobbying agenda’s. All
kinds of programs to assist parents in child rearing are already in place
(Youth Care Offices), as well as programs to (further) educate and empower
professionals. It is a step by step process and we still have a long way to go,
but the (lobby for) prohibition of corporal punishment and humiliation of
children is an important first step to raise awareness with authorities and the
public in order to gradually turn repressive systems of child protection into
proactive systems of responsibilisation and empowerment (with child protection
at the end of a continuum of care).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence;
color:black'>Kind regards,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence;
color:black'>Jan CM Willems</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence;
color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence;
color:green'>Prof Dr Jan CM Willems</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence;
color:green'>Department of International and European Law and Maastricht Center
for Human Rights</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence;
color:green'>Maastricht University Faculty of Law, The Netherlands</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence;
color:green'>child Maltreatment, Early childhood and children’s Rights
research program (MERchild)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><a
href="http://www.unimaas.nl/default.asp?template=werkveld.htm&id=3557A05360I5O1B774N7&taal=nl";><span
style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence;color:green'>www.unimaas.nl/default.asp?template=werkveld.htm&id=3557A05360I5O1B774N7&taal=nl</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><a href="mailto:j.willems@ir.unimaas.nl";><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence;color:green'>j.willems@ir.unimaas.nl</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence;
color:green'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence;
color:green'>Parenting education for all parents. Always. Everywhere.</span></i><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>-----Original
Message-----<br>
<b>From:</b> bounce-3477964-6833864@list.cornell.edu
[mailto:bounce-3477964-6833864@list.cornell.edu] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Ken Little<br>
<b>Sent:</b> dinsdag 20 januari 2009 0:20<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Child Maltreatment Researchers'<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: child trauma</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>The field will need to tackle the question of corporal or
physical management of children in residential and day treatment settings, as
well as in school based behavioral programs too. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Under the strictly limited circumstances of “imminent
risk” there is a strong rationale for the use of physical intervention
(by parent or professional caretaker) that even children perceive to be fair
and helpful. However, physical intervention in anything less than
situations containing actual imminent risk is more akin to corporal punishment.
I say actual situations because most physical management events are
significantly contributed to by the adult interaction partner (see
transactional or reciprocal models of oppositional behavior in home and school
settings) long before imminent risk criteria are even approached. And, to
make matters even more complicated, imminent risk is a subjective
reality. Imminent risk to whom of what, when? Studies show an 80%
reduction in the use of physical intervention in intensive child and adolescent
mental health facilities after altering behavior management intervention
strategies. Does this mean that 80% of the physical intervention events
prior to implementation where really unnecessary and a function of the adult
participants intervention strategy? Yes, it’s highly likely that
the adult participant contributed to the end result. That strongly suggests
that physical intervention in facilities has long been used as a form of
disguised or justified corporal punishment. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Parents and care providers need to be able to maintain
reasonable safety and environmental control. However, parent and care
taker education, early and often, of the best practices (more Inductive
Discipline including finely honed constructive criticism, less Power-Assertive
Discipline) in gaining a more cooperative outcome is needed before asking them
to stop corporal punishment and other means of toxic discipline. Taking
away established behavior management practices prior to training -- to an
effective level -- new behavior management practices is a recipe for disaster:
feeding the coercive family (program) cycle by causing care takers to desist in
disciplining children will only escalate the child to truly dangerous
proportions.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Intensive training and on-going support is critical to a
successful transition away from corporal and toxic forms of behavior
management.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Sincerely,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Kenneth H. Little, MA</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Mad River Behavioral Health</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Campton, NH 03223.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>603-236-6893 </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
bounce-3475018-6833746@list.cornell.edu
[mailto:bounce-3475018-6833746@list.cornell.edu] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Willems J
(IR)<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, January 19, 2009 2:44 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Child Maltreatment Researchers<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: child trauma</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence'>The
issue is not state control but positive state obligations to facilitate
parenthood and parenting education, esp in relation to positive parenting and
positive discipline. The legal basis for this is the prohibition of corporal
punishment and humiliation in family law, which is being adopted by a growing
number of states (Sweden 1979, Netherlands 2007).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence;
color:black'>Kind regards,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence;
color:black'>Jan CM Willems</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence;
color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence;
color:green'>Prof Dr Jan CM Willems</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence;
color:green'>Department of International and European Law and Maastricht Center
for Human Rights</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence;
color:green'>Maastricht University Faculty of Law, The Netherlands</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence;
color:green'>child Maltreatment, Early childhood and children’s Rights
research program (MERchild)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><a
href="http://www.unimaas.nl/default.asp?template=werkveld.htm&id=3557A05360I5O1B774N7&taal=nl";><span
style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence;color:green;
text-decoration:none'>www.unimaas.nl/default.asp?template=werkveld.htm&id=3557A05360I5O1B774N7&taal=nl</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><a href="mailto:j.willems@ir.unimaas.nl";><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence;color:green;
text-decoration:none'>j.willems@ir.unimaas.nl</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence;
color:green'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence;
color:green'>Parenting education for all parents. Always. Everywhere.</span></i><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:TheSansCorrespondence'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>-----Original
Message-----<br>
<b>From:</b> bounce-3472114-6833864@list.cornell.edu
[mailto:bounce-3472114-6833864@list.cornell.edu] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Lehmann,
Peter<br>
<b>Sent:</b> zondag 18 januari 2009 23:08<br>
<b>To:</b> Child Maltreatment Researchers<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: child trauma</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";
color:black'>Some years ago at the first conference on children exposed to
domestic violence in London Canada I heard Murray Straus say there was
one thing that would dramatically cut the rates at which children experience
maltreatment; teach, support, and encourage parents not to spank. So,
it is still pretty amazing that in 2009 and after the evidence is
in, the professional field is still in favor of saying that under
certain conditions and using certain techniques it's ok. p in tx</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>
bounce-3471979-6833529@list.cornell.edu [bounce-3471979-6833529@list.cornell.edu]
On Behalf Of DeanTong@aol.com [DeanTong@aol.com]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, January 16, 2009 9:23 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> child-maltreatment-research-l@list.cornell.edu<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: child trauma</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>This APA release <a
href="http://www.apa.org/releases/spanking.html"; target="_blank">http://www.apa.org/releases/spanking.html</a> for
the most part reinforces Gershoff's findings. It does allude to the fact that
corporal punishment (Most true Christians insist on following-up corporal punishment
with a hug of the child) does bring immediate child compliance. Dr. Straus and
I, et al, argued our points on this very topic about 10 years ago at a
conference in the beltway.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>I'm torn between the fairly strong empirical data that shows parents
shouldn't administer slaps, whacks, et al for disciplinary reasons, and taking
away parents' rights to control their children's behaviors so long as they
don't leave "significant welts or bruises." And in my 25 years in
this issue I've always told parents to only apply an open hand on the buttocks
and to no other anatomical area and with no other tool (spoon, coat hanger,
strap, belt, et al).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Other alternative disciplinary measures such as "time
out" or "taking away privileges" are not absolute remedies in
controlling children's aberrant behaviors. And as someone who has consulted
with thousands of families since 1984 on this very topic I always worry about
giving more control to the State. In law, this is called in loco parentis or
parens patriae. I'm certain our incoming Secretary of State, the author of the
book "It Takes A Village," Hillary Clinton, would concur with Dr.
Straus' findings herein. That said, is there still not a line of demarcation
between the administration of corporal punishment and physical child abuse?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Dean Tong</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><br>
<br>
Dean Tong, MSc., Forensic Trial Consultant<br>
604 Brentwood Place<br>
Brandon, FL 33511<br>
<br>
813.657.4930, Ph/Fax<br>
813.417.5362, Cell<br>
800.854.0735, Books/Media<br>
<a href="http://www.abuse-excuse.com/"; target="_blank">http://www.abuse-excuse.com</a><br>
<a href="http://www.deantong.com/"; target="_blank">http://www.DeanTong.com</a></span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#8000FF'><br>
<br>
<br>
Read </span><i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#800040'>Dean Tong's</span></i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'> articles</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#400080'> online at<br>
<b><i><a href="http://www.newswithviews.com/Tong/deanA.htm"; target="_blank">www.newswithviews.com/Tong/deanA.htm</a></i></b></span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:purple'><br>
<br>
</span><i><u><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><br>
Disclaimer</span></u></i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>: <b>Dean Tong is not an attorney licensed to practice law. His
professional opinion herein must not be construed as legal advice. And the
recipient of this e-mail should always first query an attorney for professional
legal advice. If you are not the intended recipient of this e-mail please
delete the same. </b></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>In a message dated 1/16/2009 9:57:42 A.M. Eastern Standard Time,
murray.straus@unh.edu writes:</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt;
margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Dear Todd & List:</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>The most pervasive, and also the most ignored child trauma, is
being hit by parents in the name of "discipline."
Our national surveys and other studies have found that at least a third of
parents hit infants -- typically a slap on the hand for touching something
forbidden or dangerous or for repeatedly pushing food off a high chair
tray. The percentage increases to over 90% for spanking or slapping
toddlers. American culture (and most others) define this as harmless if
done "in moderation" by loving parents. However, the
empirical evidence indicates the harmlessness is a cultural myth. </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Below is a list of some of the studies providing the evidence
indicating that being hit by parents is a traumatic experience for children,
and that it has the typical effects of being a victim of a traumatic
experience. All of the studies are available in the Corporal
Punishment Pape</span></b><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'>rs section of my website <a href="http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2";
target="_blank" title="http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2";>http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2</a>
</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>These studies, which can be downloaded from my website, have
found that more corporal punishment, the greater the probability of:</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>* Post traumatic stress symptoms (paper CP67 - paper in
preparation, but preliminary Power Point is on my website)</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>* Slower than average growth in cognitive ability (paper CP51R)</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>* Antisocial behavior (paper CP24)</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>* Depressive symptoms (paper CP03)</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>* Physical violence to dating and marital partners later in life
(paper CP23)</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>* A summary of longitudinal studies which help establish the
causal direction (paper CP41)</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>The "effect sizes" for the above are low, but because
corporal punishment is experienced by over 90% of American children, the
cumulative adverse effect on American children and American society is very
large (see page 212 of attached paper CP41 on Benefits of Never Spanking).</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Also of interest may be the following on my website</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>* National survey showing that 94% of parents hit toddlers, at
least occasionally (paper CP36)</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>* Article documenting the neglect in the scholarly literature of
research showing harmful effects of corporal punishment (paper
CP65) </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in'><b><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I
also recommend the following excellent meta analysis:</span></b><b><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in'><b><span
style='color:black'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in'><b><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Gershoff,
E. T. (2002). Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and
experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review. <i>Psychological Bulletin,
128</i>, 539-579.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>
</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Best,</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>
Murray</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Murray A. Straus<br>
Professor of Sociology and Co-Director<br>
Family Research Laboratory<br>
University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824<br>
603-862-2594 Fax: 603-862-1122 </span><span style='color:black'><a
href="mailto:murray.straus@unh.edu"; title="mailto:murray.straus@unh.edu";><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>murray.straus@unh.edu</span></a></span></b><b><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> <br>
</span></b><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'> </span></b><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> <br>
</span></b><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Copies of many of my papers and some out-of-print books can be
downloaded from my website </span><span style='color:black'><a
href="http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2"; target="_blank"
title="http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2";><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif"'>http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2</span></a></span></b><b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>. For
information about the Family Research Laboratory, conferences, and
bibliographies of publications by members of the laboratory log into </span><span
style='color:black'><a href="http://www.unh.edu/frl"; target="_blank"
title="http://www.unh.edu/frl";><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>www.unh.edu/frl</span></a></span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'> <img border=0 width=300 height=448 id=MA1.1232119380
src="cid:image001.jpg@01C97AFE.92AE0610"; alt="07-signiture file-pic"></span></b><b><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";
color:black'>From: bounce-3453666-6832966@list.cornell.edu
[mailto:bounce-3453666-6832966@list.cornell.edu] On Behalf Of Todd McDonald<br>
Sent: 2009-01-12 11:12<br>
To: child-maltreatment-research-l@list.cornell.edu<br>
Subject: child trauma</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>
<tr>
<td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>List members, could someone point me towards some of the
most recent empirical studies of child trauma? We recently purchased
the child welfare trauma training toolkit, but would like our staff to read a
few articles about trauma in advance. <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>Todd McDonald<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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