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Re: child trauma

To: "Child Maltreatment Researchers" <child-maltreatment-research-l@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Subject: Re: child trauma
From: "Sheri McMahon" <dfmcmahon1@xxxxxxx>
Date: Mon, 19 Jan 2009 10:51:16 -0600
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial>In primate studies (particularly great apes, such as 
chimps and gorillas in the wild) what kinds of punishment/nurturance for 
disciplinary purposes are demonstrated by parents and other adults with 
offspring?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial>Currently there is a proposal to change state law in ND 
regarding investigation of abuse/neglect in public school settings. For many 
years the law has actually required reports of suspected abuse/neglect in those 
settings to be investigated by CPS, and current administrative policy does call 
for that (with findings to be referred to law enforcement or school boards 
depending on seriousness). The practical reality is that CPS rarely gets 
involved in those situations, and has taken an apparent position (not presented 
as a legislative stance but as a general position) that without the power to 
remove a child the power to investigate is meaningless. This strikes me as an 
indication that investigation and services are regarded primarily within the 
context of the power of the state as opposed to the ability to provide remedies. 
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial>Interestingly, school boards apparently favor keeping the 
law in place because it provides for a third party to investigate allegations 
and relieve school districts of some of the "heat" that tends to come from all 
sides when allegations become known to the public in any way (public response 
typically includes the entire spectrum, from "those kids need a good spanking" 
to "never, ever, hit a child"). </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial>Many parents resent the irony that schools and caregiving 
settings are generally prohibited from the use of corporal punishment (e.g. 
corporal punishment in schools is prohibited by state law) although physical 
force is permitted under certain conditions--and generally speaking, when 
physical force is used, it is assumed that the conditions allowing for its use 
have been met. Bruising and lacerations can and do occur in those instances--as 
if parents have the authority to spank but not bruise; other caregivers have the 
right to bruise but not spank (since bruising, however minor, is regarded in 
practice as prima facie evidence of abuse justifying immediate removal of 
children from their homes). </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial>Sheri McMahon</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr 
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
  <DIV 
  style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> 
  <A title=J.Willems@IR.unimaas.nl href="mailto:J.Willems@IR.unimaas.nl";>Willems 
  J (IR)</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A 
  title=child-maltreatment-research-l@list.cornell.edu 
  href="mailto:child-maltreatment-research-l@list.cornell.edu";>Child 
  Maltreatment Researchers</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Monday, January 19, 2009 1:44 
  AM</DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> RE: child trauma</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV class=Section1>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=TheSansCorrespondence size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: TheSansCorrespondence">The issue is not 
  state control but positive state obligations to facilitate parenthood and 
  parenting education, esp in relation to positive parenting and positive 
  discipline. The legal basis for this is the prohibition of corporal punishment 
  and humiliation in family law, which is being adopted by a growing number of 
  states (Sweden 1979, Netherlands 2007).</SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=TheSansCorrespondence size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: TheSansCorrespondence"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
  <DIV>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=TheSansCorrespondence color=black size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: TheSansCorrespondence">Kind 
  regards,</SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=TheSansCorrespondence color=black size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: TheSansCorrespondence">Jan 
  CM Willems</SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=TheSansCorrespondence color=black size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: TheSansCorrespondence"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=TheSansCorrespondence color=green size=1><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: TheSansCorrespondence">Prof 
  Dr Jan CM Willems</SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=TheSansCorrespondence color=green size=1><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: TheSansCorrespondence">Department 
  of International and European Law and Maastricht Center for Human 
  Rights</SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=TheSansCorrespondence color=green size=1><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: TheSansCorrespondence">Maastricht 
  University Faculty of Law, The Netherlands</SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=TheSansCorrespondence color=green size=1><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: TheSansCorrespondence">child 
  Maltreatment, Early childhood and children’s Rights research program 
  (MERchild)</SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><A 
  href="http://www.unimaas.nl/default.asp?template=werkveld.htm&amp;id=3557A05360I5O1B774N7&amp;taal=nl";><FONT 
  face=TheSansCorrespondence color=green size=1><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: TheSansCorrespondence; TEXT-DECORATION: none">www.unimaas.nl/default.asp?template=werkveld.htm&amp;id=3557A05360I5O1B774N7&amp;taal=nl</SPAN></FONT></A></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><A href="mailto:j.willems@ir.unimaas.nl";><FONT 
  face=TheSansCorrespondence color=green size=1><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: TheSansCorrespondence; TEXT-DECORATION: none">j.willems@ir.unimaas.nl</SPAN></FONT></A></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=TheSansCorrespondence color=green size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: TheSansCorrespondence"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><I><FONT face=TheSansCorrespondence color=green 
  size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: green; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: TheSansCorrespondence">Parenting 
  education for all parents. Always. Everywhere.</SPAN></FONT></I></P></DIV>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=TheSansCorrespondence size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: TheSansCorrespondence"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Tahoma size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">-----Original 
  Message-----<BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">From:</SPAN></B> 
  bounce-3472114-6833864@list.cornell.edu 
  [mailto:bounce-3472114-6833864@list.cornell.edu] <B><SPAN 
  style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">On Behalf Of </SPAN></B>Lehmann, Peter<BR><B><SPAN 
  style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Sent:</SPAN></B> zondag 18 januari 2009 
  23:08<BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">To:</SPAN></B> Child Maltreatment 
  Researchers<BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Subject:</SPAN></B> RE: 
  child trauma</SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
  <DIV>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Tahoma color=black size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">Some years ago at 
  the first conference on children exposed to domestic violence in London Canada 
  I heard Murray Straus say&nbsp; there was one thing that would dramatically 
  cut the rates at which children experience maltreatment;&nbsp;teach, 
  support,&nbsp;and encourage parents&nbsp;not to spank.&nbsp;&nbsp;So, it is 
  still pretty amazing that in 2009 and after the evidence&nbsp;is in,&nbsp;the 
  professional field is&nbsp;still in favor of saying that under certain 
  conditions and using certain techniques&nbsp;it's ok. p in 
  tx</SPAN></FONT></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"><B><FONT face=Tahoma 
  color=black size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">From:</SPAN></FONT></B><FONT 
  face=Tahoma color=black size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> 
  bounce-3471979-6833529@list.cornell.edu 
  [bounce-3471979-6833529@list.cornell.edu] On Behalf Of DeanTong@aol.com 
  [DeanTong@aol.com]<BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Sent:</SPAN></B> 
  Friday, January 16, 2009 9:23 AM<BR><B><SPAN 
  style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">To:</SPAN></B> 
  child-maltreatment-research-l@list.cornell.edu<BR><B><SPAN 
  style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Subject:</SPAN></B> Re: child 
  trauma</SPAN></FONT></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT id=role_document face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">This APA release <A 
  href="http://www.apa.org/releases/spanking.html"; 
  target=_blank>http://www.apa.org/releases/spanking.html</A>&nbsp;for the most 
  part reinforces Gershoff's findings. It does allude to the fact that corporal 
  punishment (Most true Christians insist on following-up corporal punishment 
  with a hug of the child) does bring immediate child compliance. Dr. Straus and 
  I, et al, argued our points on this very topic about 10 years ago at a 
  conference in the beltway.</SPAN></FONT></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">I'm torn between the 
  fairly strong empirical data that shows parents shouldn't administer slaps, 
  whacks, et al for disciplinary reasons, and taking away parents' rights to 
  control their children's behaviors so long as they don't leave "significant 
  welts or bruises." And in my 25 years in this issue I've always told parents 
  to only apply an open hand on the buttocks and to no other anatomical area and 
  with no other tool (spoon, coat hanger, strap, belt, et 
  al).</SPAN></FONT></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Other alternative 
  disciplinary&nbsp;measures such as "time out" or "taking away privileges" are 
  not absolute remedies in controlling children's aberrant behaviors. And as 
  someone who has consulted with thousands of families since 1984 on this very 
  topic I always worry about giving more control to the State. In law, this is 
  called in loco parentis or parens patriae. I'm certain our incoming Secretary 
  of State, the author of the book "It Takes A Village," Hillary Clinton, would 
  concur with Dr. Straus' findings herein. That said, is there still not a line 
  of demarcation between the administration of corporal punishment and physical 
  child abuse?</SPAN></FONT></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Dean 
  Tong</SPAN></FONT></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><BR>&nbsp;<BR>Dean 
  Tong, MSc., Forensic Trial Consultant<BR>604 Brentwood Place<BR>Brandon, FL 
  33511<BR><BR>813.657.4930, Ph/Fax<BR>813.417.5362, Cell<BR>800.854.0735, 
  Books/Media<BR><A href="http://www.abuse-excuse.com/"; 
  target=_blank>http://www.abuse-excuse.com</A><BR><A 
  href="http://www.deantong.com/"; 
  target=_blank>http://www.DeanTong.com</A></SPAN></FONT><FONT face=Arial 
  color=#8000ff size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #8000ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><BR><BR><BR>Read 
  </SPAN></FONT><I><FONT face=Arial color=#800040 size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #800040; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Dean 
  Tong's</SPAN></FONT></I><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> 
  articles</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=Arial color=#400080 size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #400080; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> online 
  at<BR><B><I><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-STYLE: italic"><A 
  href="http://www.newswithviews.com/Tong/deanA.htm"; 
  target=_blank>www.newswithviews.com/Tong/deanA.htm</A></SPAN></I></B></SPAN></FONT><FONT 
  face=Arial color=purple size=2><SPAN 
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  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><BR>Disclaimer</SPAN></FONT></U></I><FONT 
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  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">: <B><SPAN 
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  law. His professional opinion herein must not be construed as legal advice. 
  And the recipient of this e-mail should always first query an attorney for 
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  <DIV>
  <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></SPAN></FONT></B>&nbsp;</P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">In 
  a message dated 1/16/2009 9:57:42 A.M. Eastern Standard Time, 
  murray.straus@unh.edu writes:</SPAN></FONT></B></P></DIV>
  <BLOCKQUOTE 
  style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; MARGIN-TOP: 5pt; PADDING-LEFT: 4pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 5pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 3.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: blue 1.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none">
    <DIV>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Calibri color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">Dear 
    Todd &amp; List:</SPAN></FONT></B></P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT></B>&nbsp;</P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Calibri color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">The 
    most pervasive, and also the most ignored child trauma, is being hit by 
    parents in the name of "discipline."&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Our national surveys 
    and other studies have found that at least a third of parents hit infants -- 
    typically a slap on the hand for touching something forbidden or dangerous 
    or for repeatedly pushing food off a high chair tray.&nbsp; The percentage 
    increases to over 90% &nbsp;for spanking or slapping toddlers.&nbsp; 
    American culture (and most others) define this as harmless if done "in 
    moderation" by loving parents.&nbsp;&nbsp; However, the empirical evidence 
    indicates the harmlessness is a cultural 
    myth.&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></B></P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT></B>&nbsp;</P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Calibri color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">Below 
    is a list of some of the studies providing the evidence indicating that 
    being hit by parents is a traumatic experience for children, and that it has 
    the typical effects of being a victim of a traumatic experience.&nbsp;&nbsp; 
    All of the studies are available in the Corporal Punishment 
    Pape</SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT face=Arial color=blue size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">rs 
    section of my website <A title=http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2 
    href="http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2"; 
    target=_blank>http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2</A>&nbsp;&nbsp; 
    </SPAN></FONT></B></P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT></B>&nbsp;</P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Calibri color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">These 
    studies, which can be downloaded from my website, have found that more 
    corporal punishment, the greater the probability of:</SPAN></FONT></B></P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT></B>&nbsp;</P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Calibri color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">* 
    Post traumatic stress symptoms (paper CP67 - paper in preparation, but 
    preliminary Power Point is on my website)</SPAN></FONT></B></P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Calibri color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">* 
    Slower than average growth in cognitive ability (paper 
    CP51R)</SPAN></FONT></B></P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Calibri color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">* 
    Antisocial behavior (paper CP24)</SPAN></FONT></B></P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Calibri color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">* 
    Depressive symptoms (paper CP03)</SPAN></FONT></B></P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Calibri color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">* 
    Physical violence to dating and marital partners later in life (paper 
    CP23)</SPAN></FONT></B></P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Calibri color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">* 
    A summary of longitudinal studies which help establish the causal direction 
    (paper CP41)</SPAN></FONT></B></P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT></B>&nbsp;</P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Calibri color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">The 
    "effect sizes" for the above are low, but because corporal punishment is 
    experienced by over 90% of American children, the cumulative adverse effect 
    on American children and American society is very large (see page 212 of 
    attached paper CP41 on Benefits of Never Spanking).</SPAN></FONT></B></P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT></B>&nbsp;</P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Calibri color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">Also 
    of interest may be the following on my website</SPAN></FONT></B></P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT></B>&nbsp;</P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Calibri color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">* 
    National survey showing that 94% of parents hit toddlers, at least 
    occasionally (paper CP36)</SPAN></FONT></B></P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Calibri color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">* 
    Article documenting the neglect in the scholarly literature of research 
    showing harmful effects of corporal punishment (paper 
    CP65)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
    </SPAN></FONT></B></P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT></B>&nbsp;</P>
    <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt"><B><FONT 
    face=Calibri color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">I 
    also recommend the following excellent meta 
    analysis:</SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> 
    </SPAN></FONT></B></P>
    <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt"><B><FONT 
    face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT></B>&nbsp;</P>
    <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt"><B><FONT 
    face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Gershoff, 
    E. T. (2002). Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors 
    and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review. <I><SPAN 
    style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Psychological Bulletin, 128</SPAN></I>, 
    539-579.</SPAN></FONT></B></P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT></B>&nbsp;</P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Calibri color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
    </SPAN></FONT></B></P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Calibri color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">Best,</SPAN></FONT></B></P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT></B>&nbsp;</P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Calibri color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
    Murray</SPAN></FONT></B></P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT></B>&nbsp;</P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT></B>&nbsp;</P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Arial color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Murray 
    A. Straus<BR>Professor of Sociology and Co-Director<BR>Family Research 
    Laboratory<BR>University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824<BR>603-862-2594 
    Fax: 603-862-1122 </SPAN></FONT><FONT color=black><SPAN 
    style="COLOR: black"><A title=mailto:murray.straus@unh.edu 
    href="mailto:murray.straus@unh.edu";><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">murray.straus@unh.edu</SPAN></FONT></A></SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT 
    face=Calibri color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri"> 
    <BR></SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT face=Arial color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT 
    face=Calibri color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri"> 
    <BR></SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT face=Arial color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Copies 
    of many of my papers and some out-of-print books can be downloaded from my 
    website </SPAN></FONT><FONT color=black><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><A 
    title=http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2 href="http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2"; 
    target=_blank><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2</SPAN></FONT></A></SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT 
    face=Arial color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">. 
    For information about the Family Research Laboratory, conferences, and 
    bibliographies of publications by members of the laboratory log into 
    </SPAN></FONT><FONT color=black><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><A 
    title=http://www.unh.edu/frl href="http://www.unh.edu/frl"; 
    target=_blank><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">www.unh.edu/frl</SPAN></FONT></A></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Arial color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">&nbsp;<IMG 
    id=MA1.1232119380 height=448 alt="07-signiture file-pic" 
    src="cid:C327B82746064EA8A1A2463905C4CDC7@desktop001"; width=300 
    border=0></SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT face=Arial color=#1f497d size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></B></P>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT></B>&nbsp;</P>
    <DIV 
    style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none">
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Tahoma color=black size=2><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">From: 
    bounce-3453666-6832966@list.cornell.edu 
    [mailto:bounce-3453666-6832966@list.cornell.edu] On Behalf Of Todd 
    McDonald<BR>Sent: 2009-01-12 11:12<BR>To: 
    child-maltreatment-research-l@list.cornell.edu<BR>Subject: child 
    trauma</SPAN></FONT></B></P></DIV>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT></B>&nbsp;</P>
    <TABLE class=MsoNormalTable cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=0>
      <TBODY>
      <TR>
        <TD 
        style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" 
        vAlign=top>
          <DIV>
          <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN 
          style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">List members, could someone point me towards 
          some of the most recent empirical studies of child trauma?&nbsp; We 
          recently purchased the child welfare trauma training toolkit, but 
          would like our staff to read a few articles about trauma in 
          advance.&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></P></DIV>
          <DIV>
          <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN 
          style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P></DIV>
          <DIV>
          <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN 
          style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Todd 
      McDonald</SPAN></FONT></P></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
    <P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN 
    style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT></B>&nbsp;</P></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

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