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RE: Interactional nature of physical abuse
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<DIV><SPAN class=375072015-11092003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2>John,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=375072015-11092003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=375072015-11092003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2>You raise a very good point from both a research and treatment
perspective. Parental attribution is an excellent research topic by
itself, as is child temperment. The treatment implications are
obvious. However, in order to gather accurate research information related
to each topic, objective measurement must be developed and
utilized. If parental perspective does not accurately describe child
temperament then the research data gathered utilizing parental report
is inaccurate. </FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=375072015-11092003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=375072015-11092003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>Kym
raised the issue of gathering accurate data and the possible effect of distorted
data on the literature being reviewing. </FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=375072015-11092003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=375072015-11092003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>From
a clinical standpoint, objective measures of child temperament and
parental attribution is needed in order to assess the nature of the
existing, within the family, interactional process. Utilizing data from
parents with inaccurate perceptions of their child becomes a self-fulfilling
prophecy, so to speak. The use of such data contributes to a finding in
support of the parental point of view and inaccurately pathologizes the
child. treatment within this family system will require clinical skill and
accurate research-based data in order to identify the interactional
mismatch.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=375072015-11092003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=375072015-11092003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2>Kenneth H. Little, MA</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=375072015-11092003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2>Thornton, NH 03223</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
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style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV class=OutlookMessageHeader><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B>
owner-CHILD-MALTREATMENT-RESEARCH-L@cornell.edu
[mailto:owner-CHILD-MALTREATMENT-RESEARCH-L@cornell.edu]<B>On Behalf Of</B>
John Polstra<BR><B>Sent:</B> Saturday, August 09, 2003 6:25 PM<BR><B>To:</B>
Child Maltreatment Researchers<BR><B>Subject:</B> RE: Interactional nature of
physical abuse<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=Section1>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Kym, I think that a
valid argument can be made that the parent’s perception of the child’s
behavior is as crucial to understanding the interactional nature of abuse as
the child’s behavior itself--if not more so. We know that most children
demonstrate a full spectrum of behaviors. Not all “good” children are
good 100% of the time. Not all “bad” children are bad 100% of the
time. Human beings have the tendency to see what they want to see given
our particular needs and desires. In other words, perception becomes
reality. If a parent chooses to focus only on his or her child’s
negative behavior for whatever reason that parent will inevitably see his or
her child’s behavior as bad. Each time the child behaves “badly” the
parent’s perception of that child is reinforced—less attention is paid to good
or neutral behavior. In my practice in working with abusive and
potentially abusive parents, I have found that a very effective intervention
is to use strength-base, solution-focused questions to help change the
parent’s perception of his or her child. These newfound perceptions create
more options for the parent to interact differently with his or her child that
avoid abusive acts. In this case, effective intervention does not depend
necessarily on whether the child demonstrates clinically significant
behavioral or emotional problems, but does depend on the flexibility of the
parent’s perceptions of his or her child. </SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></SPAN></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Another thing to
consider is that children are interactive beings. Children learn very
quickly what behavior gains the attention of their parents or helps them to
meet their needs most effectively. Some of those behaviors are only
present within the context of that relationship. For example, I worked
with a young man who was a model student in school and had an exceptional
relationship with his teacher, but was impossible for his parents to
control. His parents had a very volatile marital relationship and it
appeared to me that my client was most out-of-control when his parents were
most volatile. He seemed to be most manageable by his parents when they
were stable in their relationship. I think it is very difficult to look
at children’s behavior outside of the context of his or her parent’s
perceptions or outside the context of the child’s relationship to his or her
social network with any meaningfulness.</SPAN></FONT></P>
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style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></SPAN></FONT> </P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoAutoSig><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=navy size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: navy">Mr. John M. Polstra, MSW,
LCSW</SPAN></FONT></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></SPAN></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Tahoma size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">-----Original
Message-----<BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">From:</SPAN></B>
owner-CHILD-MALTREATMENT-RESEARCH-L@cornell.edu
[mailto:owner-CHILD-MALTREATMENT-RESEARCH-L@cornell.edu] <B><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">On Behalf Of </SPAN></B>Kym Kilpatrick<BR><B><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Sent:</SPAN></B> Friday, August 08, 2003 1:20
AM<BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">To:</SPAN></B> Child Maltreatment
Researchers<BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Subject:</SPAN></B> RE:
Interactional nature of physical abuse</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"></SPAN></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Colleagues,<BR>One of my issues with
child temperament research is that the papers I have read are heavily
dependent on parental report of temperament - the difficulty being of course
that in the case of maltreating parents there is considerable research to
suggest that they hold more negative views of their children's temperament
than non-maltreating parents - a major bias. I'd be interested to hear of any
papers on child temperament that did not rely on parental
report.<BR>Cheers,<BR>Kym<BR>At 03:33 31/07/03 -0700, you
wrote:<BR><BR></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Does anyone have any recent citations on
this?<BR><BR>Thanks very much<BR><BR>Lyn R. Greenberg Ph.D.<BR>12401 Wilshire
Blvd., Suite 303<BR>Los Angeles, CA 90025<BR><BR>(310) 399-3684<BR>(310)
399-7154 - fax<BR><BR>At 08:54 PM 7/30/2003 -0700, you
wrote:<BR><BR><BR></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=navy
size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">There is
work that looks at the temperament of the child in relation to child abuse and
yes this does continue to hold water but that does not necessarily mean we
have caught up with ourselves in practice!!!<BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT
face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT
face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Chris Risley-Curtiss,
PhD<BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Associate
Professor<BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">ASU School of Social
Work & Co-Director of the Child Welfare Training
Project<BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT
face=Tahoma size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">-----Original
Message-----<BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">From:</SPAN></B> John
Polstra [<A href="mailto:ezreader61@comcast.net";
eudora="autourl">mailto:ezreader61@comcast.net</A>] <BR><B><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Sent:</SPAN></B> Tuesday, July 29, 2003 11:00
AM<BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">To:</SPAN></B> Child Maltreatment
Researchers<BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Subject:</SPAN></B>
Interactional nature of physical
abuse<BR></SPAN></FONT><BR> <BR><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">I recently read a study completed
by Kadushin and Martin (1981) where they completed an extensive literature
review describing the interactional nature of child physical abuse.
Specifically, they quoted a literature review by Parke and Collmer entitled,
Child Abuse: An Interdisciplinary Reviewin <I><SPAN
style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Review of Child Development Research</SPAN></I>
(1975) that says<BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT
face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">& a
serious shortcoming in both the psychiatric and sociological models [of child
abuse] is their <I><SPAN style="FONT-STYLE: italic">failure to give adequate
recognition to the interactive nature of child abuse. It is insufficient
to view abuse from a unidirectional viewpoint,</SPAN></I> whereby the main
cause is located in either the parent or in external circumstances. One
important feature of the social-situational approach is the recognition that
both partners, the child victim as well as the parent, need to be considered
if child abuse is to be fully understood.(Emphasis added by the
authors). <BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT
face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Have
several requests that I would like to make:<BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT
face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <BR></SPAN></FONT><BR>1.<FONT
size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt">
</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">This research seems a bit
dated. Does anyone involved with the listserv have any suggestions for
more current research that supports the same
conclusion?<BR></SPAN></FONT><BR>2.<FONT size=1><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT
face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Is this a
view that continues to hold water in the research community? I ask
because I have suspect as much in my work with abusive families, but much of
the services that are designed to treat an abusive family are directed at the
parents primarily i.e., parenting classes, anger management programs, etc.
with some notable exceptions such as Healthy Families. I have always
wondered at the logic of removing a child form an abusive home and expecting
parents to attend skills training programs without the opportunity to use them
with effectiveness prior to the return of the child. I realize that this
is an overgeneralization of the process. But, I believe that there is still
some validity in this view of the child protection
process.<BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT
face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">I
appreciate any feedback that you have to offer.<BR></SPAN></FONT><BR><FONT
face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <BR></SPAN></FONT><BR>Mr.
John M. Polstra, MSW, LCSW<BR><BR> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT
face="BernhardMod BT" size=4><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'BernhardMod BT'">Lyn R. Greenberg
Ph.D.<BR>12401 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 303<BR>Los Angeles, CA
90025<BR><BR>310-399-3684<BR>fax 310-399-7154<BR><BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT
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<P style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"></X-SIGSEP><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><X-SIGSEP>Regards,<BR><BR>Kym.<BR><BR>Kym
Kilpatrick,
Ph.D.,
e-mail:kkilpatr@metz.une.edu.au<BR>Psychology
Department,
phone: + 61 67 73-5197<BR>University of New
England, fax: + 61
67 73-3820<BR>Armidale NSW 2351,
Australia</SPAN></FONT></P></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>
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