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Violent reaction to abuse - genetic factors
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<DIV><FONT size=1>This is from Science magazine, current edition,
FYI:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=1></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=1><U><EM><STRONG>Role of Genotype in the Cycle of Violence in
Maltreated Children</STRONG></EM></U> </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=1></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=1><U><FONT color=#800080><A
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/297/5582/851";>http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/297/5582/851</A></FONT></U><A
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/297/5582/851";></A></HW_HEADLINE><HW_SEE></DIV>
<P><STRONG><NOBR><HW_AUTHOR>Avshalom Caspi,</HW_AUTHOR><SUP>1,
</SUP><SUP>2</SUP></NOBR> <NOBR><HW_AUTHOR>Joseph
McClay,</HW_AUTHOR><SUP>1</SUP></NOBR> <NOBR><HW_AUTHOR>Terrie E.
Moffitt,</HW_AUTHOR><SUP>1, </SUP><SUP>2</SUP><SUP>*</SUP></NOBR>
<NOBR><HW_AUTHOR>Jonathan Mill,</HW_AUTHOR><SUP>1</SUP></NOBR>
<NOBR><HW_AUTHOR>Judy Martin,</HW_AUTHOR><SUP>3</SUP></NOBR>
<NOBR><HW_AUTHOR>Ian W. Craig,</HW_AUTHOR><SUP>1</SUP></NOBR>
<NOBR><HW_AUTHOR>Alan Taylor,</HW_AUTHOR><SUP>1</SUP></NOBR>
<NOBR><HW_AUTHOR>Richie Poulton</HW_AUTHOR><SUP>3</SUP></NOBR>
</STRONG><HW_INSERT><HW_TWIS>
<P>We studied a large sample of male children from birth to adulthood to
determine why some children who are maltreated grow<SUP> </SUP>up to develop
antisocial behavior, whereas others do not. A functional<SUP> </SUP>polymorphism
in the gene encoding the neurotransmitter-metabolizing<SUP> </SUP>enzyme
monoamine oxidase A (<I>MAOA</I>) was found to moderate the effect<SUP> </SUP>of
maltreatment. Maltreated children with a genotype conferring<SUP> </SUP>high
levels of <I>MAOA</I> expression were less likely to develop antisocial<SUP>
</SUP>problems. These findings may partly explain why not all victims<SUP>
</SUP>of maltreatment grow up to victimize others, and they provide<SUP>
</SUP>epidemiological evidence that genotypes can moderate children's<SUP>
</SUP>sensitivity to environmental insults.<SUP> </SUP></P>
<P><HW_SUPPLEMENTAL><HW_AFFILIATION><SUP>1</SUP> Medical Research Council
Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of
Psychiatry, King's College, London SE5 8AF, UK.
</HW_AFFILIATION><BR><HW_AFFILIATION><SUP>2</SUP> Department of Psychology,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
</HW_AFFILIATION><BR><HW_AFFILIATION><SUP>3</SUP> Dunedin School of Medicine,
Box 913, University of Otago, New Zealand. </HW_AFFILIATION><BR><A
name=FNFN150><SUP>*</SUP></A> To whom correspondence should be
addressed. E-mail: <A
href="mailto:t.moffitt@iop.kcl.ac.uk";>t.moffitt@iop.kcl.ac.uk</A> <BR></P>
<P>Freya Schultz<BR>Staff Analyst<BR>Santa Barbara County Social Services<BR>234
Camino del Remedio<BR>Santa Barbara, CA 93110<BR>(805) 681-4626<BR><<A
href="mailto:freya@co.santa-barbara.ca.us";>freya@co.santa-barbara.ca.us</A>></P></FONT></BODY></HTML>
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From: "Stephanie Dallam" <sjd.scout@worldnet.att.net>
To: Child Maltreatment Researchers <CHILD-MALTREATMENT-RESEARCH-L@cornell.edu>
References: <D96C82BE092FEB4B89A47719AB75E07617BC92@0exchange.caliber-dom.calib.com>
Subject: Re: Sibling Selection
Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2002 11:33:51 -0500
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<DIV>From: "Sandra Slappey" <<A
href="mailto:slappeys@calib.com";>slappeys@calib.com</A>></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>Subject: Sibling Selection</DIV></DIV>
<DIV>> I am looking for resources that have examined the issue of child
maltreatment in families with more than one child. Specifically, if one
child in a sibling group is being maltreated, how likely is it that other
children in the family are also being maltreated? How common is it for one
child in a family with multiple children to be "singled out" for
maltreatment?</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Here are some studies that may be helpful. Although they did not look at
this question directly, they may have gathered data that is relevant to
answering it.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Stephanie Dallam</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=steph1 style="MARGIN: 6pt 0in; TEXT-ALIGN: left"
align=left><STRONG>Robins, Lee N., Sandra P. Schoenberg, S.J. Holmes, K.S.
Ratcliff, A. Benham, et al. Early home environment and retrospective recall: A
test for concordance between siblings with and without psychiatric disorders. <I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">American Journal of Orthopsychiatry</I>,
55(1), Jan 1985, 27-41.</STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align=left>To
test the validity of retrospective reports about early home environment by
persons with psychiatric disorders, the authors selected a sample of patients
from a large teaching hospital. <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The
patients were between the ages of 30 and 50, met the diagnostic criteria for
alcoholism or depression, were free of other diagnoses, and had a living sibling
close in age.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>A control group was
selected randomly from a group of similar age who had no psychiatric
diagnoses.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Interviews with the
sibling pairs were conducted independently by different interviewers who were
blind with respect to what the first sibling had reported.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Findings demonstrated substantial
agreement, suggesting that interviews requiring recall of childhood environment
may be reasonably valid.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Patient
status did not appear to influence agreement.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The study also found that family
histories are often influenced by the feelings, attitudes and values of the
family members. </P><BR><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: black">--McLaughlin TL,
Heath AC, Bucholz KK, Madden PA, Bierut LJ, Slutske WS, Dinwiddie S, Statham DJ,
Dunne MP, Martin NG. (2000). Childhood sexual abuse and pathogenic parenting in
the childhood recollections of adult twin pairs. Psychol Med 2000
Nov;30(6):1293-302</SPAN></B></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt">Missouri Alcoholism Research
Center at Washington University, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University
School of Medicine, St. Louis 63108, USA.<BR><BR>BACKGROUND: We examined the
relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA), and interviewees'
recollections of pathogenic parenting, testing for possible retrospective biases
in the recollections of those who have experienced CSA. METHODS: Information
about CSA, parental divorce and interviewees' recollections of parental
rejection, parental overprotection and perceived autonomy (as assessed through a
shortened version of the Parental Bonding Instrument) was obtained through
telephone interviews with 3626 Australian twins who had also returned
self-report questionnaires several years earlier. Recollections of parental
behaviours were compared for individuals from pairs in which neither twin, at
least one twin, or both twins reported CSA. RESULTS: Significant associations
were noted between CSA and paternal alcoholism and between CSA and recollections
of parental rejection. For women, individuals from CSA-discordant pairs reported
levels of parental rejection that were significantly higher than those obtained
from CSA-negative pairs. The levels of parental rejection observed for twins
from CSA-discordant pairs did not differ significantly from those obtained from
CSA-concordant pairs, regardless of respondent's abuse status. For men from
CSA-discordant pairs, respondents reporting CSA displayed a tendency to report
higher levels of parental rejection than did respondents not reporting CSA.
Other measures of parenting behaviour (perceived autonomy and parental
overprotection) failed to show a clear relationship with CSA. CONCLUSIONS: The
relationship between CSA and respondents' recollections of parental rejection is
not due solely to retrospective bias on the part of abused individuals and,
consistent with other studies, may reflect a pathological family environment
with serious consequences for all siblings.</P><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns =
"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p>
<P class=steph1 style="MARGIN: 6pt 0in; TEXT-ALIGN: left"
align=left><STRONG>Trepper, T. S. (1989). Intrafamily child sexual abuse. In
Charles R. Figley (Ed.), <I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Treating Stress
in Families</I>, NY: Brunner/Mazel, pp. 185-208.</STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left"
align=left>Trepper discusses the effect of incest on the family, and the
dysfunctional strategies families utilize to cope with incest, such as
secretiveness, denial, isolation, coercion, and substance abuse.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The abused child may act out, nonabused
siblings can develop psychological symptoms and behavior disorders, and the
nonoffending mother may develop symptoms of depression and act incompetent.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left"
align=left> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left"
align=left> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"></o:p></SPAN> </P></DIV></BODY></HTML>
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From: "Deborah Feldman" <dfeld@seanet.com>
To: Child Maltreatment Researchers <CHILD-MALTREATMENT-RESEARCH-L@cornell.edu>
Subject: measuring effectiveness of community prevention coalitions
Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 17:17:59 -0700
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<DIV><FONT size=2>I'm assisting a community coalition in assessing the
effectiveness of its prevention efforts. Part of what we want to examine
are the structures and processes of the coalition itself. I plan on doing
key informant interviews, but would also like to have some quantitative measures
of coalition effort and effectiveness. I have one prototype survey that is
supposed to measure different dimensions of "collaboration," but I
would be interested in learning of others. Does any one have experience
evaluating collaborative community based prevention efforts? Can you
recommend survey instruments that look at various dimensions of the
coalition-building effort, such as inclusiveness, communication and
coordination, shared commitment and purpose, leadership and systems
change. Thanks much for any advice or resources you can
suggest.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>Deborah Feldman<BR>Research and Analysis<BR>5732 17th Ave. NE
Seattle, WA 98105<BR>(206) 729-2488<BR>FAX:
1-877-903-6513<BR></DIV></FONT></BODY></HTML>
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Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 10:37:36 EDT
Subject: Re: measuring effectiveness of community prevention coalitions
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<x-html><HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"><BR>
Deborah,<BR>
<BR>
I would be interested in the survey copy that you have which measures coalition buidling.<BR>
<BR>
Thanks<BR>
Melissa Winesburg-Ankrom<BR>
614/668/5234</FONT></HTML>
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From: "Niki Delson" <niki@delko.net>
To: Child Maltreatment Researchers <CHILD-MALTREATMENT-RESEARCH-L@cornell.edu>
Subject: RE: measuring effectiveness of community prevention coalitions
Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:36:35 -0700
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<DIV><SPAN class=139562316-06082002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>The
Amherst H. Wilder Foundation publishes material on this. I would suggest you
order "The Wilder Collaboration Factors Inventory." It is based on research that
sought to determine what ingredients make for a successful collaboration. The
researchers identified 20 factors that influence success of a collaboration. The
inventory itself is inexpensive ($5.95) but I would also recommend you
purchase of Collaboration : What makes it work." Both excellent for
collaboration building. You can order both at <A
href="http://www.wilder";>www.wilder</A> .org</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<P><FONT
size=2>***************************************************************************<BR> Niki
Delson at Delson-Kokish Associates, P.O. Box 476, Trinidad, CA
95570<BR> Clinical and Forensic
Evaluations, Consultation &
Training<BR>
(707)677-3181-voice
(707)677-0187-fax<BR>
niki@delko.net-email
www.delko.net<BR>***************************************************************************<BR></FONT></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV class=OutlookMessageHeader dir=ltr align=left><FONT face=Tahoma
size=2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B>
owner-CHILD-MALTREATMENT-RESEARCH-L@cornell.edu
[mailto:owner-CHILD-MALTREATMENT-RESEARCH-L@cornell.edu]<B>On Behalf Of
</B>Deborah Feldman<BR><B>Sent:</B> Monday, August 05, 2002 5:18
PM<BR><B>To:</B> Child Maltreatment Researchers<BR><B>Subject:</B> measuring
effectiveness of community prevention coalitions<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>I'm assisting a community coalition in assessing the
effectiveness of its prevention efforts. Part of what we want to examine
are the structures and processes of the coalition itself. I plan on
doing key informant interviews, but would also like to have some quantitative
measures of coalition effort and effectiveness. I have one prototype survey
that is supposed to measure different dimensions of
"collaboration," but I would be interested in learning of
others. Does any one have experience evaluating collaborative community
based prevention efforts? Can you recommend survey instruments that look
at various dimensions of the coalition-building effort, such as inclusiveness,
communication and coordination, shared commitment and purpose, leadership and
systems change. Thanks much for any advice or resources you can
suggest.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>Deborah Feldman<BR>Research and Analysis<BR>5732 17th Ave.
NE Seattle, WA 98105<BR>(206) 729-2488<BR>FAX:
1-877-903-6513<BR></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></FONT></BODY></HTML>
</x-html>From ???@??? Tue Aug 06 13:32:42 2002
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From: "Henkle, Gretchen" <HENKLGA@cws.state.ca.us>
To: Child Maltreatment Researchers <CHILD-MALTREATMENT-RESEARCH-L@cornell.edu>
Subject: RE: measuring effectiveness of community prevention coalitions
Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 10:10:32 -0700
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Hello Deborah,
I recommend that you contact Larry Cohen at Prevention Institute. His
organization has done a lot of work around coalitions and would have some
literature and good advice about this issue.
Here's the contact info.
larry@preventioninstitute.org <mailto:larry@preventioninstitute.org>
Regards,
Gretchen Henkle
henklga@cws.state.ca.us <mailto:henklga@cws.state.ca.us>
-----Original Message-----
From: Deborah Feldman [mailto:dfeld@seanet.com]
Sent: Monday, August 05, 2002 5:18 PM
To: Child Maltreatment Researchers
Subject: measuring effectiveness of community prevention coalitions
I'm assisting a community coalition in assessing the effectiveness of its
prevention efforts. Part of what we want to examine are the structures and
processes of the coalition itself. I plan on doing key informant
interviews, but would also like to have some quantitative measures of
coalition effort and effectiveness. I have one prototype survey that is
supposed to measure different dimensions of "collaboration," but I would
be interested in learning of others. Does any one have experience
evaluating collaborative community based prevention efforts? Can you
recommend survey instruments that look at various dimensions of the
coalition-building effort, such as inclusiveness, communication and
coordination, shared commitment and purpose, leadership and systems change.
Thanks much for any advice or resources you can suggest.
Deborah Feldman
Research and Analysis
5732 17th Ave. NE Seattle, WA 98105
(206) 729-2488
FAX: 1-877-903-6513