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RE: paper from Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences - discriminating negative face affect
I am interested in knowing more about these autism-related studies
regarding recognition of facial affect. Given that so many autistic
children are nonverbal, or at least have difficulty communicating, how
is it that the researchers were able to determine that the children were
intuiting hostility in the faces? How did the investigators come to the
conclusion that the children were feeling threatened by the stimulus and
not just over-stimulated? I would appreciate it very much if you could
forward along a reference or two.
Thanks and have a nice weekend,
Kelly Jarvis
---------Included Message----------
>Date: Fri, 28 Jun 2002 10:13:54 -0700
>From: "Freya Schultz" <freya@co.santa-barbara.ca.us>
>Reply-To: <CHILD-MALTREATMENT-RESEARCH-L@cornell.edu>
>To: "Child Maltreatment Researchers"
<CHILD-MALTREATMENT-RESEARCH-L@cornell.edu>
>Subject: RE: paper from Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences -
discriminating negative face affect
>
>The only problem with this line of research is
>that MOST autistic children, including
>high-functioning ones, tend to interpret ANY
>facial expression, including neutral ones, as
>hostile, and this is WITHOUT any experience of
>neglect or abuse. The portion of the brain which
>permits them to "intuit" expressions (believed to
>be in the right brain) is non-functional, and they
>are left with underlying limbic system reactions
>of threat which are not "overwritten" immediately
>by the calming effect of seeing and recognizing a
>"benign" expression as you find in normal people.
>
>
>This is much more complicated than it has been
>portrayed, and it appears that the researcher may
>not be aware of the autism-related research.
>
>Freya Schultz
>Santa Barbara County Social Services.
>
>Freya Schultz
>Staff Analyst
>Santa Barbara County Social Services
>234 Camino del Remedio
>Santa Barbara, CA 93110
>(805) 681-4626
><freya@co.santa-barbara.ca.us>
>
>>>> UncapheS@chi.osu.edu 06/24/02 07:36AM >>>
>
>I heard about this on the radio. Seems
>interesting. Thanks
>-----Original Message-----
>From: Seth Pollak
>[SMTP:spollak@facstaff.wisc.edu]
>Sent: Wednesday, June 19, 2002 11:47 AM
>To: Child Maltreatment Researchers
>Subject: paper from Proceedings of National
>Academy of Sciences
>
>
>
>Thanks to all the people who have written about
>the NPR story last night.
>The segment, "seeing anger," is available at:
>http://search.npr.org/cf/cmn/segment_display.cfm?segID=145214
>
>The abstract:
>Very young children aren't typically thought of as
>experts. But research
>published this week in the Proceedings of the
>National Academy of
>Sciences shows that one group of children is
>expert at recognizing the
>warning signs of an angry face -- children who
>have been physically abused.
>NPR's Michelle Trudeau reports on the results of
>the University of
>Wisconsin study.
>
>
>and the paper is available at:
>http://www.pnas.org
>The abstract:
>Early experience is associated with the
>development of categorical
>representations for facial expressions of emotion
>Seth D. Pollak *and Doris J. Kistler
>*Department of Psychology and Waisman Center,
>University of Wisconsin,
>Madison, WI 53706
>Edited by Michael I. Posner, University of Oregon,
>Eugene, OR, and approved
>May 13, 2002 (received for review March 21, 2002)
>A fundamental issue in human development concerns
>how the young infant's
>ability to recognize emotional signals is acquired
>through both biological
>programming and learning factors. This issue is
>extremely difficult to
>investigate because of the variety of sensory
>experiences to which humans
>are exposed immediately after birth. We examined
>the effects of emotional
>experience on emotion recognition by studying
>abused children, whose
>experiences violated cultural standards of care.
>We found that the aberrant
>social experience of abuse was associated with a
>change in children's
>perceptual preferences and also altered the
>discriminative abilities that
>influence how children categorize angry facial
>expressions. This study
>suggests that affective experiences can influence
>perceptual
>representations of basic emotions.
>
>
> ******* Please Note My New Email
>Address:
>spollak@wisc.edu *********
>Seth D. Pollak
>Department of Psychology
>University of Wisconsin at Madison
>1202 West Johnson Street
>Madison, WI 53706-1696
>Tel: (608) 265-8190 Fax: (608) 262-4029
>Email: spollak@wisc.edu
>
><http://psych.wisc.edu/childemotion/>http://psych.wisc.edu/childemotion/
>
>Confidentiality Notice: This e-mail message, from
>Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, including any
>attachments, is for the sole use of the intended
>recipient(s) and may contain confidential and
>privileged information. The recipient is
>responsible to maintain the confidentiality of
>this information and to use the information only
>for authorized purposes pursuant to Children's
>Hospital's confidentiality policies. If you are
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>receive information for the intended recipient),
>you are hereby notified that any review, use,
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>action taken in reliance on the contents of this
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>
>
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<DIV>The only problem with this line of research is that MOST autistic children,
including high-functioning ones, tend to interpret ANY facial expression,
including neutral ones, as hostile, and this is WITHOUT any experience of
neglect or abuse. The portion of the brain which permits them to "intuit"
expressions (believed to be in the right brain) is non-functional, and they are
left with underlying limbic system reactions of threat which are not
"overwritten" immediately by the calming effect of seeing and recognizing a
"benign" expression as you find in normal people. </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>This is much more complicated than it has been portrayed, and it appears
that the researcher may not be aware of the autism-related research.
</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Freya Schultz</DIV>
<DIV>Santa Barbara County Social Services.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Freya Schultz<BR>Staff Analyst<BR>Santa Barbara County Social
Services<BR>234 Camino del Remedio<BR>Santa Barbara, CA 93110<BR>(805)
681-4626<BR><<A
href="mailto:freya@co.santa-barbara.ca.us";>freya@co.santa-barbara.ca.us</A>><BR><BR>>>>
UncapheS@chi.osu.edu 06/24/02 07:36AM >>><BR></DIV>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2>I heard about this on the radio.
Seems interesting. Thanks</FONT> </P>
<UL>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=1>-----Original Message-----</FONT> <BR><B><FONT
face=Arial size=1>From: </FONT></B> <FONT face=Arial size=1>Seth
Pollak [SMTP:spollak@facstaff.wisc.edu]</FONT> <BR><B><FONT face=Arial
size=1>Sent: </FONT></B> <FONT face=Arial size=1>Wednesday, June
19, 2002 11:47 AM</FONT> <BR><B><FONT face=Arial
size=1>To: </FONT></B> <FONT face=Arial size=1>Child
Maltreatment Researchers</FONT> <BR><B><FONT face=Arial
size=1>Subject: </FONT></B> <FONT
face=Arial size=1>paper from Proceedings of National Academy of
Sciences</FONT> </P><BR><BR>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2>Thanks to all the people who have written about the
NPR story last night. </FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>The segment, "seeing
anger," is available at:</FONT> </P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2><A
href="http://search.npr.org/cf/cmn/segment_display.cfm?segID=145214";
target=_blank>http://search.npr.org/cf/cmn/segment_display.cfm?segID=145214</A></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2>The abstract:</FONT> </P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2>Very young children aren't typically thought of as
experts. But research </FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>published this week
in the Proceedings of the National Academy of </FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial
size=2>Sciences shows that one group of children is expert at
recognizing the </FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>warning signs of an angry
face -- children who have been physically abused. </FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial
size=2>NPR's Michelle Trudeau reports on the results of the University of
</FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>Wisconsin study.</FONT> </P><BR>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2>and the paper is available at:</FONT> </P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2><A href="http://www.pnas.org";
target=_blank>http://www.pnas.org</A></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2>The abstract:</FONT> </P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2>Early experience is associated with the development
of categorical </FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>representations for facial
expressions of emotion</FONT> </P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2>Seth D. Pollak *and Doris J. Kistler</FONT> </P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2>*Department of Psychology and Waisman Center,
University of Wisconsin, </FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>Madison, WI
53706</FONT> </P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2>Edited by Michael I. Posner, University of Oregon,
Eugene, OR, and approved </FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>May 13, 2002
(received for review March 21, 2002)</FONT> </P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2>A fundamental issue in human development concerns
how the young infant's </FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>ability to recognize
emotional signals is acquired through both biological </FONT><BR><FONT
face=Arial size=2>programming and learning factors. This issue is extremely
difficult to </FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>investigate because of the
variety of sensory experiences to which humans </FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial
size=2>are exposed immediately after birth. We examined the effects of
emotional </FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>experience on emotion recognition
by studying abused children, whose </FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial
size=2>experiences violated cultural standards of care. We found that the
aberrant </FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>social experience of abuse was
associated with a change in children's </FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial
size=2>perceptual preferences and also altered the discriminative abilities
that </FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>influence how children categorize
angry facial expressions. This study </FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial
size=2>suggests that affective experiences can influence perceptual
</FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>representations of basic emotions.</FONT>
</P><BR>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2>
******* Please Note My New Email Address: </FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial
size=2>spollak@wisc.edu *********</FONT> <BR><FONT face=Arial
size=2>Seth D. Pollak</FONT> <BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>Department of
Psychology</FONT> <BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>University of Wisconsin at
Madison</FONT> <BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>1202 West Johnson Street</FONT>
<BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>Madison, WI 53706-1696</FONT> </P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2>Tel: (608) 265-8190 Fax:
(608) 262-4029 Email: spollak@wisc.edu</FONT>
<BR><FONT face=Arial
size=2>
<<A href="http://psych.wisc.edu/childemotion/";
target=_blank>http://psych.wisc.edu/childemotion/</A>><A
href="http://psych.wisc.edu/childemotion/";
target=_blank>http://psych.wisc.edu/childemotion/</A></FONT> </P></UL>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2>Confidentiality Notice: This e-mail message, from
Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, including any attachments, is for the sole
use of the intended recipient(s) and may contain confidential and privileged
information. The recipient is responsible to maintain the confidentiality
of this information and to use the information only for authorized purposes
pursuant to Children's Hospital's confidentiality policies. If you are not
the intended recipient (or authorized to receive information for the intended
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this e-mail is strictly prohibited. If you have received this
communication in error, please notify us immediately by reply e-mail and destroy
all copies of the original message. Thank you.</FONT></P></BODY></HTML>
</x-html>From ???@??? Fri Jun 28 16:23:25 2002
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From: "Freya Schultz" <freya@co.santa-barbara.ca.us>
To: Child Maltreatment Researchers <CHILD-MALTREATMENT-RESEARCH-L@cornell.edu>
Subject: RE: paper from Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences -
discriminating negative face affect
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<DIV><FONT size=1>There are many more autistic spectrum kids who are verbal than
non-verbal. I, for instance, have a son with Asperger's who is VERY
verbal. This does not mean, however, that he can read faces as others
do. We have had to go through a long training to teach him to
understand facial emotions. He uses conscious analytical tools, not
the right-brain intuitive methods men use, and he cannot do it under stress or
in the middle of a conversation with strangers or several folks talking at once.
There are many more kids like him than there are with Kanner's autism, which you
seem to be referring to. We received assistance from Dr. Lynn Koegel, of
the UCSB Autism Clinic. They have an NIMH grant to study interventions,
and the face reading/social initiation component appears to be the critical
piece. Type "Lynn Koegel" or "Robert Koegel" in on Google and you wills ee
a lot of interesting articles on this intervention (based originally on Lovaas),
including evaluations of efficacy. Most of the kids they help are of the
level you are talking about, and they have brought many to becoming
verbal..</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=1>I also like Eric Courchesne's work on attentional issues, from
a different perspective.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=1>I am in the middle of a major grant-writing project, but I
would very much like to get back to you later, if I may, and I will
contact you directly, if you like. By the way, I studied what was known
about autism under an NIMH doctoral studies grant years ago at
Berkeley.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=1>Freya Schultz</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR><BR>>>> kjarvis@uci.edu 06/28/02 01:00PM >>><BR>I am
interested in knowing more about these autism-related studies <BR>regarding
recognition of facial affect. Given that so many autistic <BR>children are
nonverbal, or at least have difficulty communicating, how <BR>is it that the
researchers were able to determine that the children were <BR>intuiting
hostility in the faces? How did the investigators come to the
<BR>conclusion that the children were feeling threatened by the stimulus and
<BR>not just over-stimulated? I would appreciate it very much if you could
<BR>forward along a reference or two. <BR>Thanks and have a nice
weekend,<BR>Kelly Jarvis<BR><BR>---------Included Message----------<BR>>Date:
Fri, 28 Jun 2002 10:13:54 -0700<BR>>From: "Freya Schultz"
<freya@co.santa-barbara.ca.us><BR>>Reply-To:
<CHILD-MALTREATMENT-RESEARCH-L@cornell.edu><BR>>To: "Child Maltreatment
Researchers"
<BR><CHILD-MALTREATMENT-RESEARCH-L@cornell.edu><BR>>Subject: RE: paper
from Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences - <BR>discriminating negative
face affect<BR>><BR>>The only problem with this line of research
is<BR>>that MOST autistic children, including<BR>>high-functioning ones,
tend to interpret ANY<BR>>facial expression, including neutral ones,
as<BR>>hostile, and this is WITHOUT any experience of<BR>>neglect or
abuse. The portion of the brain which<BR>>permits them to "intuit"
expressions (believed to<BR>>be in the right brain) is non-functional, and
they<BR>>are left with underlying limbic system reactions<BR>>of threat
which are not "overwritten" immediately<BR>>by the calming effect of seeing
and recognizing a<BR>>"benign" expression as you find in normal people.
<BR>> <BR>><BR>>This is much more complicated than it has
been<BR>>portrayed, and it appears that the researcher may<BR>>not be
aware of the autism-related research. <BR>><BR>>Freya
Schultz<BR>>Santa Barbara County Social Services.<BR>><BR>>Freya
Schultz<BR>>Staff Analyst<BR>>Santa Barbara County Social
Services<BR>>234 Camino del Remedio<BR>>Santa Barbara, CA
93110<BR>>(805)
681-4626<BR>><freya@co.santa-barbara.ca.us><BR>><BR>>>>>
UncapheS@chi.osu.edu 06/24/02 07:36AM >>><BR>><BR>>I heard about
this on the radio. Seems<BR>>interesting. Thanks
<BR>>-----Original Message----- <BR>>From: Seth
Pollak<BR>>[SMTP:spollak@facstaff.wisc.edu] <BR>>Sent:
Wednesday, June 19, 2002 11:47 AM <BR>>To: Child
Maltreatment Researchers
<BR>>Subject: paper from
Proceedings of National<BR>>Academy of Sciences
<BR>><BR>><BR>><BR>>Thanks to all the people who have written
about<BR>>the NPR story last night. <BR>>The segment, "seeing
anger," is available at: <BR>><A
href="http://search.npr.org/cf/cmn/segment_display.cfm?segID=145214";>http://search.npr.org/cf/cmn/segment_display.cfm?segID=145214</A><BR>><BR>>The
abstract: <BR>>Very young children aren't typically thought of
as<BR>>experts. But research <BR>>published this week in the Proceedings
of the<BR>>National Academy of <BR>>Sciences shows that one group of
children is<BR>>expert at recognizing the <BR>>warning signs of an angry
face -- children who<BR>>have been physically abused. <BR>>NPR's Michelle
Trudeau reports on the results of<BR>>the University of <BR>>Wisconsin
study. <BR>><BR>><BR>>and the paper is available at: <BR>><A
href="http://www.pnas.org";>http://www.pnas.org</A> <BR>>The abstract:
<BR>>Early experience is associated with the<BR>>development of
categorical <BR>>representations for facial expressions of emotion
<BR>>Seth D. Pollak *and Doris J. Kistler <BR>>*Department of Psychology
and Waisman Center,<BR>>University of Wisconsin, <BR>>Madison, WI 53706
<BR>>Edited by Michael I. Posner, University of Oregon,<BR>>Eugene, OR,
and approved <BR>>May 13, 2002 (received for review March 21, 2002) <BR>>A
fundamental issue in human development concerns<BR>>how the young infant's
<BR>>ability to recognize emotional signals is acquired<BR>>through both
biological <BR>>programming and learning factors. This issue
is<BR>>extremely difficult to <BR>>investigate because of the variety of
sensory<BR>>experiences to which humans <BR>>are exposed immediately after
birth. We examined<BR>>the effects of emotional <BR>>experience on emotion
recognition by studying<BR>>abused children, whose <BR>>experiences
violated cultural standards of care.<BR>>We found that the aberrant
<BR>>social experience of abuse was associated with a<BR>>change in
children's <BR>>perceptual preferences and also altered
the<BR>>discriminative abilities that <BR>>influence how children
categorize angry facial<BR>>expressions. This study <BR>>suggests that
affective experiences can influence<BR>>perceptual <BR>>representations of
basic emotions.
<BR>><BR>><BR>>
******* Please Note My New Email<BR>>Address:
<BR>>spollak@wisc.edu ********* <BR>>Seth D. Pollak
<BR>>Department of Psychology <BR>>University of Wisconsin at Madison
<BR>>1202 West Johnson Street <BR>>Madison, WI 53706-1696
<BR>>Tel: (608) 265-8190 Fax: (608)
262-4029 <BR>>Email: spollak@wisc.edu
<BR>>
<BR>><<A
href="http://psych.wisc.edu/childemotion/";>http://psych.wisc.edu/childemotion/</A>><A
href="http://psych.wisc.edu/childemotion/";>http://psych.wisc.edu/childemotion/</A><BR>><BR>>Confidentiality
Notice: This e-mail message, from<BR>>Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,
including any<BR>>attachments, is for the sole use of the
intended<BR>>recipient(s) and may contain confidential and<BR>>privileged
information. The recipient is<BR>>responsible to maintain the
confidentiality of<BR>>this information and to use the information
only<BR>>for authorized purposes pursuant to Children's<BR>>Hospital's
confidentiality policies. If you are<BR>>not the intended recipient (or
authorized to<BR>>receive information for the intended recipient),<BR>>you
are hereby notified that any review, use,<BR>>disclosure, distribution,
copying, printing, or<BR>>action taken in reliance on the contents of
this<BR>>e-mail is strictly prohibited. If you have<BR>>received
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From: "Freya Schultz" <freya@co.santa-barbara.ca.us>
To: Child Maltreatment Researchers <CHILD-MALTREATMENT-RESEARCH-L@cornell.edu>
Subject: RE: paper from Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences
- discriminating negative face affect
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<DIV><FONT size=1>You are right that some of it is adaptive, yet on observation,
they MISS most subtle positive non-verbal cues precisely because (using
the radio transmission analogy) it is not LOUD enough gesturally (and
therefore, invisible), whereas negative feedback usually is pretty loud,
nonverbally and verbally. If you think about it, most positive feedback is
nonverbal, and much of the negative feedback is highly verbal. This,
in part, I believe accounts for the bias. It also may account for
some of the problem of "negative attribution" in parents, too.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=1>Freya</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=1>Freya Schultz<BR>Staff Analyst<BR>Santa Barbara County Social
Services<BR>234 Camino del Remedio<BR>Santa Barbara, CA 93110<BR>(805)
681-4626<BR><<A
href="mailto:freya@co.santa-barbara.ca.us";>freya@co.santa-barbara.ca.us</A>></FONT><BR><BR>>>>
jcrowley@nmsu.edu 06/28/02 12:40PM >>> <BR>And, I must add, that in
recent years researchers have recognized <BR>that an unknown but not
insignificant number of children have <BR>specific disabilities in social
learning. Whether you call it Asperger's <BR>Disorder, High Functioning Autism,
Right Hemisphere Learning <BR>Disorder, or Nonverbal Learning Disorder, some
children simply do <BR>not learn social cues the way that others do. And Freya
is rignt, their <BR>misinterpretations tend to be extremely negative. <BR><BR>It
seems to me that this bias, whatever the original source, is <BR>probably
adaptive. Given that they are rejected by most other <BR>children and vulnerable
to peer abuse, it is safer for these children to <BR>assume that the other kid
means harm than to assume everything is <BR>safe. <BR><BR>BTW--these problems
involve the same brain areas as are involved <BR>in ADHD. At least one major
research institution, the Yale Child <BR>Study Center, is moving toward
considering all of these as linked <BR>conditions. <BR><BR>Joan Crowley
<BR><BR><BR>On 28 Jun 2002 at 10:13, Freya Schultz wrote: <BR><BR>> <BR>>
The only problem with this line of research is that MOST autistic children,
<BR>> including high- functioning ones, tend to interpret ANY facial
expression, <BR>> including neutral ones, as hostile, and this is WITHOUT any
experience of <BR>> neglect or abuse. The portion of the brain which permits
them to "intuit" <BR>> expressions (believed to be in the right brain) is
non-functional, and they are <BR>> left with underlying limbic system
reactions of threat which are not <BR>> "overwritten" immediately by the
calming effect of seeing and recognizing a <BR>> "benign" expression as you
find in normal people. <BR>> <BR>> This is much more complicated than it
has been portrayed, and it appears that <BR>> the researcher may not be aware
of the autism-related research. <BR>> <BR>> Freya Schultz <BR>> Santa
Barbara County Social Services. <BR>> <BR>> Freya Schultz <BR>> Staff
Analyst <BR>> Santa Barbara County Social Services <BR>> 234 Camino del
Remedio <BR>> Santa Barbara, CA 93110 <BR>> (805) 681-4626 <BR>>
<<U> <A
href="mailto:freya@co.santa-barbara.ca.us";>freya@co.santa-barbara.ca.us</A></U>
> <BR>> <BR>> >>> <U><A
href="mailto:UncapheS@chi.osu.edu";>UncapheS@chi.osu.edu</A></U> 06/24/02 07:36AM
>>> <BR>> I heard about this on the radio. Seems interesting. Thanks
<BR>> -----Original Message----- <BR>> From: Seth Pollak [<U> <A
href="mailto:SMTP:spollak@facstaff.wisc.edu]";>SMTP:spollak@facstaff.wisc.edu]</A></U>
<BR>> Sent: Wednesday, June 19, 2002 11:47 AM <BR>> To: Child Maltreatment
Researchers <BR>> Subject: paper from Proceedings of National Academy of
Sciences <BR>> <BR>> <BR>> Thanks to all the people who have written
about the NPR story last night. <BR>> The segment, "seeing anger," is
available at: <BR>> <U><A
href="http://search.npr.org/cf/cmn/segment_display.cfm?segID=145214";>http://search.npr.org/cf/cmn/segment_display.cfm?segID=145214</A></U>
The abstract: <BR>> Very young children aren't typically thought of as
experts. But research <BR>> published this week in the Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences <BR>> shows that one group of children is expert
at recognizing the warning signs <BR>> of an angry face -- children who have
been physically abused. NPR's Michelle <BR>> Trudeau reports on the results
of the University of Wisconsin study. <BR>> <BR>> and the paper is
available at: <BR>> <U><A
href="http://www.pnas.org";>http://www.pnas.org</A></U> <BR>> The abstract:
<BR>> Early experience is associated with the development of categorical
<BR>> representations for facial expressions of emotion <BR>> Seth D.
Pollak *and Doris J. Kistler <BR>> *Department of Psychology and Waisman
Center, University of Wisconsin, <BR>> Madison, WI 53706 Edited by Michael I.
Posner, University of Oregon, Eugene, <BR>> OR, and approved May 13, 2002
(received for review March 21, 2002) A <BR>> fundamental issue in human
development concerns how the young infant's <BR>> ability to recognize
emotional signals is acquired through both biological <BR>> programming and
learning factors. This issue is extremely difficult to <BR>> investigate
because of the variety of sensory experiences to which humans <BR>> are
exposed immediately after birth. We examined the effects of emotional <BR>>
experience on emotion recognition by studying abused children, whose <BR>>
experiences violated cultural standards of care. We found that the aberrant
<BR>> social experience of abuse was associated with a change in children's
<BR>> perceptual preferences and also altered the discriminative abilities
that <BR>> influence how children categorize angry facial expressions. This
study <BR>> suggests that affective experiences can influence perceptual
representations <BR>> of basic emotions. <BR>> <BR>> ******* Please
Note My New Email Address: <BR>> <U><A
href="mailto:spollak@wisc.edu";>spollak@wisc.edu</A></U> ********* <BR>> Seth
D. Pollak <BR>> Department of Psychology <BR>> University of Wisconsin at
Madison <BR>> 1202 West Johnson Street <BR>> Madison, WI 53706-1696
<BR>> Tel: (608) 265-8190 Fax: (608) 262-4029 Email: <U><A
href="mailto:spollak@wisc.edu";>spollak@wisc.edu</A></U> <BR>> <<U> <A
href="http://psych.wisc.edu/childemotion/";>http://psych.wisc.edu/childemotion/</A></U>
><U> <A
href="http://psych.wisc.edu/childemotion/";>http://psych.wisc.edu/childemotion/</A></U>
<BR>> Confidentiality Notice: This e-mail message, from Children's Hospital,
Columbus, <BR>> Ohio, including any attachments, is for the sole use of the
intended <BR>> recipient(s) and may contain confidential and privileged
information. The <BR>> recipient is responsible to maintain the
confidentiality of this information and <BR>> to use the information only for
authorized purposes pursuant to Children's <BR>> Hospital's confidentiality
policies. If you are not the intended recipient (or <BR>> authorized to
receive information for the intended recipient), you are hereby <BR>>
notified that any review, use, disclosure, distribution, copying, printing, or
<BR>> action taken in reliance on the contents of this e-mail is strictly
prohibited. <BR>> If you have received this communication in error, please
notify us immediately <BR>> by reply e-mail and destroy all copies of the
original message. Thank you. <BR><BR>Joan E. Crowley <BR>New Mexico State
University <BR>Department of Criminal Justice <BR>MSC 3487 <BR>Box 30001 <BR>Las
Cruces, NM 88003-8001 <BR><U><A
href="mailto:jcrowley@nmsu.edu";>jcrowley@nmsu.edu</A></U>
<BR><BR></DIV></BODY></HTML>
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From: "Freya Schultz" <freya@co.santa-barbara.ca.us>
To: Child Maltreatment Researchers <CHILD-MALTREATMENT-RESEARCH-L@cornell.edu>
Subject: RE: paper from Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences
- discriminating negative face affect
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<DIV><FONT size=1>Finally, I forgot to mention, many of the developmental
effects of prenatal substance exposure appear to resemble many of the
behavioral manifestations common in autism spectrum children - unusual responses
to stimuli, unusual reactions to attempts to soothe them, difficulty in
sleeping, unusual muscle tone and reflexes. The ACF manual for social
workers entitled something like "Protecting Children in Substance-Abusing
Families" lists common issues in these children, for which the appropriate
caregiver's response would be about the same as the parent of an autism-spectrum
child would use. So these parallels have more utility than simply being
interesting factoids. I also parent mentor an email list for parents who
have children with these kinds of problems, and my own experiences as a parent
are hardly unique.</FONT><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Freya Schultz</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Freya Schultz<BR>Staff Analyst<BR>Santa Barbara County Social
Services<BR>234 Camino del Remedio<BR>Santa Barbara, CA 93110<BR>(805)
681-4626<BR><<A
href="mailto:freya@co.santa-barbara.ca.us";>freya@co.santa-barbara.ca.us</A>></DIV>
<DIV><BR>>>> jcrowley@nmsu.edu 06/28/02 12:40PM >>> <BR>And, I
must add, that in recent years researchers have recognized <BR>that an unknown
but not insignificant number of children have <BR>specific disabilities in
social learning. Whether you call it Asperger's <BR>Disorder, High Functioning
Autism, Right Hemisphere Learning <BR>Disorder, or Nonverbal Learning Disorder,
some children simply do <BR>not learn social cues the way that others do. And
Freya is rignt, their <BR>misinterpretations tend to be extremely negative.
<BR><BR>It seems to me that this bias, whatever the original source, is
<BR>probably adaptive. Given that they are rejected by most other <BR>children
and vulnerable to peer abuse, it is safer for these children to <BR>assume that
the other kid means harm than to assume everything is <BR>safe.
<BR><BR>BTW--these problems involve the same brain areas as are involved <BR>in
ADHD. At least one major research institution, the Yale Child <BR>Study Center,
is moving toward considering all of these as linked <BR>conditions. <BR><BR>Joan
Crowley <BR><BR><BR>On 28 Jun 2002 at 10:13, Freya Schultz wrote: <BR><BR>>
<BR>> The only problem with this line of research is that MOST autistic
children, <BR>> including high- functioning ones, tend to interpret ANY
facial expression, <BR>> including neutral ones, as hostile, and this is
WITHOUT any experience of <BR>> neglect or abuse. The portion of the brain
which permits them to "intuit" <BR>> expressions (believed to be in the right
brain) is non-functional, and they are <BR>> left with underlying limbic
system reactions of threat which are not <BR>> "overwritten" immediately by
the calming effect of seeing and recognizing a <BR>> "benign" expression as
you find in normal people. <BR>> <BR>> This is much more complicated than
it has been portrayed, and it appears that <BR>> the researcher may not be
aware of the autism-related research. <BR>> <BR>> Freya Schultz <BR>>
Santa Barbara County Social Services. <BR>> <BR>> Freya Schultz <BR>>
Staff Analyst <BR>> Santa Barbara County Social Services <BR>> 234 Camino
del Remedio <BR>> Santa Barbara, CA 93110 <BR>> (805) 681-4626 <BR>>
<<U> <A
href="mailto:freya@co.santa-barbara.ca.us";>freya@co.santa-barbara.ca.us</A></U>
> <BR>> <BR>> >>> <U><A
href="mailto:UncapheS@chi.osu.edu";>UncapheS@chi.osu.edu</A></U> 06/24/02 07:36AM
>>> <BR>> I heard about this on the radio. Seems interesting. Thanks
<BR>> -----Original Message----- <BR>> From: Seth Pollak [<U> <A
href="mailto:SMTP:spollak@facstaff.wisc.edu]";>SMTP:spollak@facstaff.wisc.edu]</A></U>
<BR>> Sent: Wednesday, June 19, 2002 11:47 AM <BR>> To: Child Maltreatment
Researchers <BR>> Subject: paper from Proceedings of National Academy of
Sciences <BR>> <BR>> <BR>> Thanks to all the people who have written
about the NPR story last night. <BR>> The segment, "seeing anger," is
available at: <BR>> <U><A
href="http://search.npr.org/cf/cmn/segment_display.cfm?segID=145214";>http://search.npr.org/cf/cmn/segment_display.cfm?segID=145214</A></U>
The abstract: <BR>> Very young children aren't typically thought of as
experts. But research <BR>> published this week in the Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences <BR>> shows that one group of children is expert
at recognizing the warning signs <BR>> of an angry face -- children who have
been physically abused. NPR's Michelle <BR>> Trudeau reports on the results
of the University of Wisconsin study. <BR>> <BR>> and the paper is
available at: <BR>> <U><A
href="http://www.pnas.org";>http://www.pnas.org</A></U> <BR>> The abstract:
<BR>> Early experience is associated with the development of categorical
<BR>> representations for facial expressions of emotion <BR>> Seth D.
Pollak *and Doris J. Kistler <BR>> *Department of Psychology and Waisman
Center, University of Wisconsin, <BR>> Madison, WI 53706 Edited by Michael I.
Posner, University of Oregon, Eugene, <BR>> OR, and approved May 13, 2002
(received for review March 21, 2002) A <BR>> fundamental issue in human
development concerns how the young infant's <BR>> ability to recognize
emotional signals is acquired through both biological <BR>> programming and
learning factors. This issue is extremely difficult to <BR>> investigate
because of the variety of sensory experiences to which humans <BR>> are
exposed immediately after birth. We examined the effects of emotional <BR>>
experience on emotion recognition by studying abused children, whose <BR>>
experiences violated cultural standards of care. We found that the aberrant
<BR>> social experience of abuse was associated with a change in children's
<BR>> perceptual preferences and also altered the discriminative abilities
that <BR>> influence how children categorize angry facial expressions. This
study <BR>> suggests that affective experiences can influence perceptual
representations <BR>> of basic emotions. <BR>> <BR>> ******* Please
Note My New Email Address: <BR>> <U><A
href="mailto:spollak@wisc.edu";>spollak@wisc.edu</A></U> ********* <BR>> Seth
D. Pollak <BR>> Department of Psychology <BR>> University of Wisconsin at
Madison <BR>> 1202 West Johnson Street <BR>> Madison, WI 53706-1696
<BR>> Tel: (608) 265-8190 Fax: (608) 262-4029 Email: <U><A
href="mailto:spollak@wisc.edu";>spollak@wisc.edu</A></U> <BR>> <<U> <A
href="http://psych.wisc.edu/childemotion/";>http://psych.wisc.edu/childemotion/</A></U>
><U> <A
href="http://psych.wisc.edu/childemotion/";>http://psych.wisc.edu/childemotion/</A></U>
<BR>> Confidentiality Notice: This e-mail message, from Children's Hospital,
Columbus, <BR>> Ohio, including any attachments, is for the sole use of the
intended <BR>> recipient(s) and may contain confidential and privileged
information. The <BR>> recipient is responsible to maintain the
confidentiality of this information and <BR>> to use the information only for
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notify us immediately <BR>> by reply e-mail and destroy all copies of the
original message. Thank you. <BR><BR>Joan E. Crowley <BR>New Mexico State
University <BR>Department of Criminal Justice <BR>MSC 3487 <BR>Box 30001 <BR>Las
Cruces, NM 88003-8001 <BR><U><A
href="mailto:jcrowley@nmsu.edu";>jcrowley@nmsu.edu</A></U>
<BR><BR></DIV></BODY></HTML>
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To: Child Maltreatment Researchers <CHILD-MALTREATMENT-RESEARCH-L@cornell.edu>
From: Sherrill Clark <sjclark@uclink.berkeley.edu>
Subject: Fwd: Re: Fwd: Parenting Education as preventive measure
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Nicole, Try the California Children and Families Commission
website: http://www.ccfc.ca.gov/parentinfo.htm I know there's someone at
UC Berkeley who's evaluating the program. Sherrill
>>>Reply-To: "Nicole Laborde" <nicole_laborde@yahoo.com>
>>>X-PH: V4.1@mailhub2
>>>From: "Nicole Laborde" <nicole_laborde@yahoo.com>
>>>To: Child Maltreatment
>>>Researchers <CHILD-MALTREATMENT-RESEARCH-L@cornell.edu>
>>>Subject: Parenting Education as preventive measure
>>>Date: Wed, 26 Jun 2002 19:29:30 -0700
>>>X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4133.2400
>>>Sender: owner-CHILD-MALTREATMENT-RESEARCH-L@cornell.edu
>>>
>>>I am putting together a project on parenting education as it relates to the
>>>child welfare system in Northern California and was hoping for some help
>>>from the group.
>>>
>>>I was wondering if anyone knows 1) which are the most commonly used
>>>curricula for parenting education, 2) how they are developed and 3) whether
>>>they incorporate research on predictors of child neglect or child abuse.
>>>
>>>Thanks,
>>>
>>>Nicole Laborde, MPH