RE: Mixed methods research

["Slappey, Sandra M" <SSlappey@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>]

I found some publications reporting findings from mixed method research related to maltreatment and child welfare services.  I have included a number of citations and abstracts below my signature.  (If the documents are available online, you'll see the link at the end of the abstract.)

I found these in our Clearinghouse library; you can search our library database online at http://basis.caliber.com/cwig/ws/chdocs/docs/canweb/SearchForm.  In the Keyword field, I tried combining "mixed & method" and "quantitative & qualitative" - I got more and better results with the latter.

I hope this is helpful.  If you have any questions, feel free to contact me.

Sandra Slappey, MSW
Child Welfare Program Manager
National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information (http://nccanch.acf.hhs.gov)
National Adoption Information Clearinghouse (http://naic.acf.hhs.gov)
Services of the Children's Bureau, US DHHS
Direct Phone: 703-219-4417
Main Phone: 800-394-3366
NOTE MY NEW EMAIL ADDRESS:  sslappey@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Citations and Abstracts:


Behavior problems and educational disruptions among children in out-of-home care in Chicago.
Chapin Hall working paper
Smithgall, Cheryl. Gladden, Robert Matthew. Yang, Duck-Hye. Goerge, Robert.
University of Chicago. Chapin Hall Center for Children.
2005
Available from:  Chapin Hall Center for Children
1313 East 60th Street
Chicago, IL   60637
Tel: 773-753-5900
WebMaster@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Available from: http://www.chapinhall.org/ 
This study explores the intersection of placement in foster care and the emotional disturbance (ED) classification. It compares the demographic, placement, and educational experiences of students in foster care and are classified with an emotional disturbance (ED) with students in care who have other special education classifications, and with Chicago Public School students with ED who are not in care. The mixed-method study combined analyses of administrative data and interviews with caseworkers, special education staff, foster parents, probation officers, and mental health professionals. Study findings reveal a complex set of trends contributing to the overrepresentation of children in care among students with ED classifications. These children receive an ED classification after entering foster care at higher rates than other children, and children with ED classifications transition into permanent placements at lower rates than other students in care, even those with non-E!
 D special education classifications. Analyses also revealed that a significant proportion of children classified as ED continue to display serious behavioral problems at school after receiving a special education classification. This study suggests that it is critical that both the education and child welfare systems work to identify problems early in a child ??s educational career. Furthermore, interventions must address not just the problematic behaviors but also the core problems underlying these children ??s behavioral issues. (Author abstract)
http://www.chapinhall.org/article_abstract.aspx?ar=1415&L2=64&L3=116 

Educational experiences of children in out-of-home care.
Smithgall, Cheryl. Gladden, Robert Matthew. Howard, Eboni. Goerge, Robert. Courtney, Mark
University of Chicago. Chapin Hall Center for Children.
2004
Publication Information:  Chicago, IL: Chapin Hall Center for Children at the University of Chicago
Available from:  Chapin Hall Center for Children
1313 East 60th Street
Chicago, IL   60637
Tel: 773-753-5900
Available from: http://www.chapinhall.org
Schools are one of the primary institutions shaping the development of children, and successful school experiences increase the likelihood of their successful transition to adulthood. For youth in out-of-home care, the state serves in loco parentis or in place of the parents, and so is another institution shaping the development and bearing responsibility for the educational needs of children in care. This report presents findings from a mixed-method study assessing the educational performance and experiences of youth in out-of-home care. Data from Chapin Hall's Integrated Database on Child and Family Services in Illinois were used to track the educational performance, school mobility, and participation in special education of Chicago Public School students in foster care. In addition, qualitative interviews with caseworkers, foster parents, and school staff throughout Illinois provided valuable insights into the context and processes underlying the educational experiences o!
 f students in care. Although not all students in out-of-home care are struggling academically, significant proportions of these students have low achievement test scores, are being retained, or are dropping out of school before the end of the twelfth grade. There is strong evidence to suggest that a portion of the academic problems of students in care stems from experiences prior to their entry into care. However, the academic challenges faced by these students are compounded by the fact that they are clustered in lower-performing schools. Factors such as school mobility and poor communication among school staff, caseworkers, and foster parents are further impeding these students' educational progress. The fact that nearly three-quarters of these students in care have been in care for two or more years underscores the need, responsibility, and opportunity to address the educational needs of these children. (Author abstract)
http://www.chapinhall.org/article_abstract.aspx?ar=1372&L2=64&L3=116 

CD-41763
Complexity, conflict and uncertainty : issues in collaboration between child protection and mental health services.
Darlington, Yvonne. Feeney, Judith A. Rixon, Kylie.
University of Queensland.
2004
Children and youth services review.
26 (12) p. 1175-1192
Publication Information:  Amsterdam ; Boston : Elsevier.
Reprints available from:  Elsevier
Customer Service Department 6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL   32887
Tel: 877-839-7126 407-345-4020
usjcs@xxxxxxxxxxxx
Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com
This paper provides an analysis of data from a state-wide survey of statutory child protection workers, adult mental health workers, and child mental health workers. Respondents provided details of their experience of collaboration on cases where a parent had mental health problems and there were serious child protection concerns. The survey was conducted as part of a large mixed-method research project on developing best practice at the intersection of child protection and mental health services. Descriptions of 300 cases were provided by 122 respondents. Analyses revealed that a great deal of collaboration occurred across a wide range of government and community-based agencies; that collaborative processes were often positive and rewarding for workers; and that collaboration was most difficult when the nature of the parental mental illness or the need for child protection intervention was contested. The difficulties experienced included communication, role clarity, competi!
 ng primary focus, contested parental mental health needs, contested child protection needs, and resources. (Author abstract)

CD-41253
Perceptions of child maltreatment by parents from the Indian Subcontinent : challenging myths about culturally based abusive parenting practices.
Maiter, Sarah. Alaggia, Ramona. Trocmé, Nico.
American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children.
Wilfrid Laurier University.
2004
Child maltreatment : journal of the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children.
9 (3) p. 309-324
Publication Information:  Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications.
Available from:  Sage Publications
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, CA   91320
Tel: 800-818-7243 805-499-9774
webmaster@xxxxxxxxxxx
Available from: http://www.sagepub.com
Clinicians and researchers emphasize the importance of recognizing differential cross-cultural definitions of child maltreatment, cautioning awareness that some ethnic groups may use harsher methods to discipline their children. Using a mixed-method research approach, based on questionnaire and focus group data, 29 parents of South Asian descent provided input on their attitudes toward child discipline, maltreatment, and neglect. Study findings suggest that South Asian parents do not differ significantly from other populations in their judgment of appropriate parenting approaches; that is, persistent and excessive use of physical discipline was considered to be inappropriate, behaviors of parents that may have negative emotional consequences for children were recognized as inappropriate, and lack of proper supervision of children was seen as a concern. Notably, though, participants voiced their reluctance to contact child protective services should they encounter families st!
 ruggling with abuse. Implications for practice and directions for future research are suggested. (Author abstract)

Evaluation of the Florida Department of Children and Families community-based care initiative.
Paulson, Robert I. Armstrong, Mary. Fitzpatrick, Janet. Jordan, Neil. Kershaw, Mary Ann.
Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute. Florida. Dept. of Children and Families.
2003
Available from:  Florida Dept. of Children and Families
1317 Winewood Blvd. Building 1, Room 202 
Tallahassee, FL   32399
Tel: 850-487-1111 
dcf-osc@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Available from: http://www.state.fl.us/cf_web/
In 2001-02, the Florida Department of Children and Families (DCF) contracted with the University of South Florida Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute (FMHI) to conduct an evaluation of the four counties in which Community-Based Care (CBC), a privatization initiative, was operational in FY00-01: Sarasota, Manatee, Pinellas, and Pasco Counties. The Department contracted with FMHI again in 2002-03, and expanded the evaluation to include all counties that began implementing CBC in FY01-02. This report includes information on Sarasota, Manatee, Pinellas, Pasco, Flagler, DeSoto, Hillsborough, Santa Rosa, Escambia, Walton, Okaloosa, and Volusia Counties. More detailed analysis is provided for two lead agencies: Hillsborough Kids Inc. (HKI) and FamiliesFirst Network (FFN), in order to provide an in-depth picture of their implementation process and identify emerging issues. The evaluation used a mixed-method approach to investigate all of the domains of the conceptual f!
 ramework. There were four major components to the evaluation: an implementation study examined the issues around CBC implementation and monitoring of CBC sites, a study of quality of services provided under CBC, an outcome analysis that used existing administrative child protection data, and a cost analysis component. The report is presented in four sections. The first section includes a review of pertinent issues and literature regarding the privatization of child welfare. The second section explains the conceptual model guiding the evaluation. This section also describes the overall research questions, the evaluation questions, and the indicators based on the CBC Conceptual Model. The next section presents the results of the evaluation and is divided into the four major evaluation components. The final section of the report includes a discussion of the findings, policy implications, and recommendations. The report concludes that all of the lead agencies have made substant!
 ial progress in implementing Community-Based Care, however, challenges

 remain. 25 figures, 19 tables, and 37 references. (Author abstract modified)
http://www.dcf.state.fl.us/publications/docs/cbc_report_091503.pdf

Circle of Parents support group evaluation report : reporting period 2003-2004.
Falconer, Mary Kay. Brunger, Robbie.
Ounce of Prevention Fund of Florida.
2005
Publication Information:  Tallahassee, FL : Ounce of Prevention Fund of Florida.
Distributed by:  Ounce of Prevention Fund of Florida
111 North Gadsden Street Suite 200
Tallahassee, FL   32301
Tel: 850-921-4494
bgriffin@xxxxxxxxx
Available from: http://www.ounce.org
This report details the findings of an evaluation of the Circle of Parents self-help support group for parents in Florida. Quantitative and qualitative analyses examined the characteristics of successful groups and the impact of participation on self-management skills, parent-child relationships, parenting skills, and knowledge of support networks. Participants reported improvements in all domains. The effects were greater for parents who attended more group sessions. Almost three-fourths of the parents referred other individuals to support groups. Focus group attendees attributed support group success to socialization and parent-child interaction activities, positive feedback, and the discussion topics. Staff noted the need for training for facilitators about parent leader development and group dynamics. Other recommendations addressed the expansion of Spanish-speaking groups and the dissemination of information about community resources. 24 tables.
http://www.ounce.org/pdf/CP_Evaluation.pdf

CD-41384
Fathers of infants born to adolescent mothers : a comparison with non-parenting male peers and adolescent mothers.
Thompson, Stacy D. Crase, Sedahlia Jasper.
International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect.
Oklahoma State University. Dept. of Family Relations and Child Development.
2004
Child abuse and neglect.
26 (5) p. 489-505
Publication Information:  New York : Pergamon.
Reprints available from:  Elsevier Science Ltd.
Customer Service Department 6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL   32887
Tel: 877-839-7126 407-345-4020
usjcs@xxxxxxxxxxxx
Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science
This study examined social-emotional variables and parenting views of fathers of infants born to adolescent mothers. A convenience sample consisted of 15 fathers of infants born to adolescent mothers, 15 age-matched non-parenting male peers, and 15 adolescent mothers. Both quantitative and qualitative measures were used. Although results showed significant differences between fathers and peers and between fathers and adolescent mothers, the fathers and adolescent mothers were more alike than the fathers and peers. Although the majority of fathers and peers view parenthood as increased responsibility, fathers have lower social-emotional well-being than peers. Adolescent mothers reported that parenthood made them more mature. Implications are discussed. (Author abstract)

Executive summary of research report Racial disproportionality in the child welfare system in King County, Washington.
Wanda Hackett Enterprises.
2004
Available from:  The National Resource Center for Family-Centered Practice and Permanency Planning
Hunter College School of Social Work 129 East 79th Street
New York, NY   10021
Tel: 212-452-7053
Available from: http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp
In Spring 2004, a broad-based coalition was convened in King County, Washington, to investigate racial inequities in the child welfare system. The coalition examined where disproportionality exists and to what extent, and factors that contribute to racial disproportionality. In the first research phase, King County quantitative child welfare data was analyzed at thirteen decision points in the child welfare system from referrals accepted for CPS investigation, to the ways in which children leave the system and data on re-entry into care. In the second qualitative research phase, six decision points were selected for the more in-depth study: reporting, intake and investigation, reunification efforts, placement, dependency and termination of parental rights, and pathways for exiting the system Focus groups were then shown the data and asked what they thought were possible reasons underpinning the disproportionality. The focus groups included youth who have been in foster care,!
  fathers, foster parents, kinship care providers, representatives of the courts and legal system, social workers and mandated CPS reporters from medical, mental health, public health, and school settings. The report summarizes findings that show racial inequities at each of the major decision points. These findings indicate children of color constitute one-third of the King County child population, but make up more than one half of all children currently in foster care. African American and Native American children are over-represented at nearly every decision point in the child welfare system, and that the racial disparity grows the longer these children stay in the system. Recommendations for future practice to address these racial inequalities are provided. (Author abstract modified)
http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/downloads/KingCountyReportonRacialDisproportionalityExecutiveSummary.pdf

CD-41261
Mental health of 'looked after' children : a needs assessment.
Blower, Aileen. Addo, Ama. Hodgson, Jessica. Lamington, Linda. Towlson, Kate.
Lomond and Argyll Primary Care NHS Trust (U.K.)
2004
Clinical child psychology and psychiatry.
9 (1) p. 117-129
Publication Information:  London ; Thousands Oaks, CA : Sage Publications.
Reprints available from:  Sage Publications
2455 Teller Road
Thousands Oaks, CA   91320
Tel: 800-818-7243 805-499-9774
info@xxxxxxxxxxx
Available from: http://www.sagepub.com
This article describes a combined quantitative and qualitative approach to assessing the need for mental health services of looked after children. The authors interviewed 48 children and young people who were accommodated by one local authority in foster care, children's homes and residential schools. Fifty-six per cent of our sample were suffering from significant psychological morbidity. 44% had a definite, probable or resolving diagnosis of at least one psychiatric disorder with impaired psychosocial functioning. Self-esteem was preserved to a variable extent across different domains. In most cases, problems in psychological development had been identified at a young age and the majority had previously been assessed, and some treated, by the local psychiatric service. Most of the participants had strategies for managing distress, made good use of available support networks and were happy with the level of care they were receiving. The authors concluded that a majority of !
 children and young people looked after by the local authority suffer from chronic and disabling mental health problems despite early recognition of their difficulties, attempts at solutions and supportive care settings. The need identified was not for improved recognition of mental health problems, but rather for more effective interventions. (Author abstract modified)

CD-43402
The 4-D strengths-based assessment instruments for youth, their families, and communities.
Gilgun, Jane F.
University of Minnesota
2004
Journal of human behavior in the social environment.
10 (4) p. 51-73
Available from:  Haworth Social Work Practice Press
10 Alice Street
Binghamton, NY   13904-1580
Tel: 800-429-6784
getinfo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Available from: http://www.haworthpress.com
This paper is a report on a field test of the 4-D, a set of four clinical assessment tools that is based on the Circle of Courage, an American Indian Medicine Wheel that is widely used in youth-caring agencies throughout the United States and internationally (Brendtro, Brokenleg,&Van Bockern, 1990). This article is a companion to an earlier article called Completing the Circle published in the Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment (Gilgun, 2002) a few years ago. Tested on youth ages 12 to 19 who have experienced adversities, the 4-D gives equal consideration to client strengths and risks, and guides practitioners to assess aspects of youth, family, and community functioning that Native wisdom has identified as fundamental to the promotion of youth capacities and well-being. Through both quantitative and qualitative evaluations, we found that the 4-D has high indices of reliability and good indicators of validity, and that they also foster meaningful conversatio!
 ns between practitioners and youth.

CD-41519
The relationship of child protection service caseworker discipline-specific education and definition of sibling abuse : an institutional hiring impact study.
Kominkiewicz, Frances Bernard.
St. Mary's College (Notre Dame, Ind.)
2004
Journal of human behavior in the social environment.
9 (1/2) p. 69-82
Publication Information:  Binghamton, NY : Haworth Social Work Practice Press.
Reprints available from:  Haworth Press
10 Alice Street
Binghamton, NY   13904
Tel: 800-429-6784 607-722-5857
getinfo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Available from: http://www.haworthpress.com/web/JHBSE/
A rise in child abuse reports has been observed in Child Protection Service institutions. States differ in terms of defining sibling abuse as a form of child abuse, and, as a result, child protection caseworkers are called upon by their institutions to apply their own definitions of specific behaviors that constitute sibling abuse. This study investigated the relationship between child protection caseworker definition of one specific form of child abuse, sibling abuse, and caseworkers' discipline-specific educational background. A sample of 77 child protection caseworkers of various educational backgrounds were surveyed through qualitative and quantitative methods. These child protection caseworkers were involved in developing assessments in child abuse investigations. It was found that child protection workers' definitions varied widely in identification of behaviors constituting sibling abuse. Hiring practices can impact the disposition of a sibling abuse investigation thr!
 ough the employment of specific disciplines. (Author abstract)

CD-39722
The Indicators Study: A Cross-Site Implementation Evaluation of the Community Partnerships for Protecting Children Initiative in America.
Budde, S.
University of Chicago. Chapin Hall Center for Children.
2003
Publication Information:  In: Katz, I.; Pinkerton, J. (Editors). Evaluating Family Support: Thinking Internationally, Thinking Critically. //Wiley Series in Child Protection and Policy//. John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex, England.
Distributed by:  John Wiley and Sons
The Atrium Southern Gate Chichester
West Sussex, England
Tel: +44-1243 779777
cs-books@xxxxxxxxxxx
Available from: http://www.wileyeurope.com http://www.wiley.com
This chapter reviews the methodology of the Indicators Study conducted by the Chapin Hall Center for Children to assess the first implementation phase of the Community Partnerships for Protecting Children Project. The evaluation measured the process of the demonstration program and compared achievements in four sites. Researchers successfully addressed typical challenges to community-based programs, such as the complexity of initiatives that cross systems and target a variety of levels, the adaptation of interventions, and the lack of comparison groups. Indicators of progress identified for the research included clarity of the individualized plan; participation of agency and organizational partners; the involvement of residents; use of local facilities; outreach to families at risk; intensive services for at-risk families; and self-evaluation opportunities. Data for the evaluation were collected from several quantitative and qualitative sources, such as surveys, document rev!
 iews, interviews, and observation. Results were enhanced by the transparency of the research process, a weighting system to measure progress, and a broad perspective of site effectiveness for the whole initiative. 17 references, 8 notes, 3 tables.

Lutheran Community Services concurrent planning evaluation Stuart Foundation final report.
Brennan, Kathy. Szolnoki, Jennifer. Horn, Michael.
Northwest Institute for Children and Families. Edward C. Stuart Foundation. Lutheran Community Services.
2003
Available from:  Northwest Institute for Children and Families
University of Washington School of Social Work 4101 15th Ave NE
Seattle,, WA   98105
Tel: 206-543-1517 206-685-7694 (Evaluation Services) 
charper@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Available from: http://depts.washington.edu/nwicf
Lutheran Community Services Concurrent Planning Program emphasizes timely permanence for vulnerable children in care. With funding from the Stuart Foundation, this evaluation examined the long-term outcomes of children who were adopted through the Lutheran Concurrent Planning Program between 1981 and 1998. The evaluation also reviewed the service delivery model, open adoption experiences, and post-adoption service needs. Case record reviews, surveys and interviews with adoptive parents, birth parents, young adult adoptees, and key stakeholders provided a richness of both quantitative and qualitative findings. This evaluation of concurrent planning demonstrated that timely permanence generally leads to long-lasting placement stability, relationship permanence, and improved well-being for children in foster care. Children who were adopted before age three had more favorable child well-being outcomes compared to children whose adoptions were finalized at age three or older. Chi!
 ldren who experienced just one out-of-home placement had more favorable child well-being outcomes compared to children who experienced two or more foster care placements. These findings lend support to the program's underlying philosophy of addressing the developmental needs of young children for positive and lasting attachments to adult caregivers. As child welfare leaders across the country are working to comply with federally and locally mandated permanency planning timelines, the LCS model is capable of informing systems change efforts. (Author abstract)
http://depts.washington.edu/nwicf/EvalServ/LCS%20Final%20Report.pdf

CD-42420
Adopted children : who do they turn to for help and why?
Ryan, Scott D. Nalavany, Blace.
Florida State University
2003
Adoption Quarterly
7 (2) p. 29-52
Publication Information:  Binghamton, NY, Haworth Press, Inc.
Reprints available from:  Haworth Press, Inc.
Haworth Document Delivery Service 10 Alice St.
Binghamton, NY   13904-1580
Tel: (800) 429-6784
getinfo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Available from: http://www.haworthpressinc.com
The overwhelming majority of adoption studies have focused on adoptive parents' perceptions and feelings about post-adoption services and resources. Perhaps unintentionally, the adoption community has neglected the personal experiences of adoption told from the point of view of adopted children. This pilot study attempted to close this gap in the research literature by asking a sample of adopted children to describe their challenges vis- -vis adoption, how they cope with such challenges, the barriers they encounter in seeking support, and what things they or someone else could do to help assist them. Concept mapping, an alternative methodological approach combining qualitative and quantitative strategies, was used to analyze the statements generated by the adopted children. Implications for future research on post-adoption service provision are discussed. (Author abstract)

CD-40353
Supporting families : child protection in the community.
Wiley series in child protection and policy
Gardner, Ruth (Mary Ruth)
Royal Holloway College (London, England)
2003
Publication Information:  Chichester, West Sussex, England ; New York : Wiley.
Distributed by:  John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
Customer Care Center - Consumer Accounts 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard
Indianapolis, IN   46256
Tel: 877-762-2974
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Available from: http://www.wiley.com
This book discusses the outcomes of two-year study of the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) between 1998-2001. The NSPCC is a national charity offering services from over 150 projects across England, Northern Ireland, and Wales. The study involved 88 parents and carers and 105 children, and used a mix of quantitative and qualitative research methods to identify NSCPCC services and activities that can be shown to support families effectively within their communities, and to ascertain the extent to which NSPCC services are evaluated by key stakeholders as delivering a family support service. Findings from the study indicate most parents sought help in relation to children's behavior, particularly that of school-age children. Parents identified children's behavior as a major source of stress in the family, increasing their own sense of inadequacy. They often linked severe behavior problems in children to family violence and the child having suff!
 ered emotional and/or other harm. Children, parents, and other agencies frequently attributed improvements as a result of direct work with children to help them improve social skills, work with parents to identify specific behavior problems and handling them constructively, and assistance with speedy referrals for specialist help. When parents' existing informal networks of friends and family was strong, children achieved or maintained positive behavior scores over six months. Parents with good informal support also had more positive health and stress scores after six months. Implications for policy and practice are discussed. 70 references and 40 figures.

CD-41073
The process of coping following child sexual abuse : a qualitative study.
Oaksford, Karen. Frude, Neil.
University College, Cardiff. School of Psychology.
2003
Journal of sexual child abuse.
12 (2) p.41-72
Publication Information:  Binghamton, NY : Haworth Maltreatment and Trauma Press.
Reprints available from:  Haworth Press, Inc.
10 Alice Street
Binghamton, NY   13904
Tel: 800-429-6784 607-722-5857
getinfo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Available from: http://www.haworthpress.com
This research employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches to studying the immediate and long-term coping strategies adopted by survivors of child sexual abuse, focusing on how strategies evolve over time. Qualitative findings showed that coping with child sexual abuse is not static, but changes over time. The narratives of these nonclinical survivors suggest that an adaptive outcome may be associated with a particular evolution of strategies across time, i.e., survivors reported coping predominantly by engaging in psychological escape methods initially, and then adopting cognitive appraisal and positive reframing strategies in the longer term. It appears that coping processes can affect psychological outcome following child sexual abuse. This study offers insight into the evolution of coping methods associated with an adaptive outcome. (Author abstract)


-----Original Message-----
From: owner-CHILD-MALTREATMENT-RESEARCH-L@xxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:owner-CHILD-MALTREATMENT-RESEARCH-L@xxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Jane Marshall
Sent: Tuesday, February 28, 2006 8:37 PM
To: Child Maltreatment Researchers
Subject: Mixed methods research

Dear colleagues,
I am conducting a literature review of any maltreatment 
research that has implemented a mixed methods design 
(studies that use BOTH qualitative and quantitative 
methods), and would appreciate hearing about any empirical 
studies you may have come across.  
Thank you,
Jane Marshall