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Re: Measures of Physical/Sexual/Emotional Abuse
Dear Debbie Walcott:
I forgot to attach the bibliography to the e mail I just sent, so here it is.
MURRAY A. STRAUS
Professor of Sociology & Co-Director
Family Research Laboratory
University of New Hampshire
Durham, NH 03824
PHONE 603 862-2594, FAX 603-862-1122, E-MAIL: MAS2@CHRISTA.UNH.EDU
******************** Please Note: ********************
5th International Family Violence Research Conference
June 29 - July 2, 1997. See our Web page at:
http://www.unh.edu/frl/index.html
*******************************************************
On Mon, 10 Feb 1997, Debbie Wolcott wrote:
> I'm working with someone who is interested in surveying students in a middle school to
> assess whether or not they have experienced abuse. Does anyone use
> or know of an instrument that is given to middle school (6th grade) children
> and measures self-reported physical, sexual, and/or emotional abuse?
>
> Please respond to the list, if appropriate, or to me directly.
> Thanks in advance for your help.
>
> Debbie Wolcott
> Prevention Program Specialist
> National Clearinghouse on
> Child Abuse and Neglect
> (800) 394-3366
>
FAMILY RESEARCH LABORATORY
MEASUREMENT RESEARCH PROGRAM
Murray A. Straus
Family Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire
Durham, NH 03824 (603) 862-2594
Items with an * and a price at the end of the reference are available from the Family Research
Laboratory. Please use the attached order form.
Contents
REVIEWS AND METHODOLOGY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
THE CONFLICT TACTICS SCALES (CTS & CTS2) . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The Revised CTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Original CTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
PAPERS ON MEASURES OF ABUSE OF PARTNERS AND CHILDREN IN ADDITION TO
THE CTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
THE VIOLENCE RISK MARKER INVENTORY (VRMI). . . . . . . . . . . 5
THE PERSONAL AND RELATIONSHIP PROFILE (PRP). . . . . . . . . . 5
POWER & DOMINANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
SEXUAL ABUSE MEASUREMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
SIMFAM Technique for Observed Family Interaction Measurement . 6
MEASURES OF CHARACTERISTICS OF THE U.S. STATES . . . . . . . . 7
THE FAMILY INTERACTION SCHEDULE AND FAMILY PATTERNS PROFILE. . 8
RURAL SOCIOLOGY MEASURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
REVIEWS AND METHODOLOGY
Catania, J., Turner, H., Pierce, R., & et al. (1993). Response bias in surveys of AIDS-related
sexual behavior. AIDS Survey Research Methodology. National Institute of Mental
Health.
Moore, David W. & Straus, Murray A. 1995. Tolerance for slapping a spouse: Higher than we
thought. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association of Public
Opinion Research. Durham, NH: Family Research Laboratory. V57.
Moore, David W. 1989 "Effects of Interviewers' Sex on Reported Rates of Child Abuse and
Attitudes Toward Child Raising Practices." Paper presented at the annual meeting of
the American Association of Public Opinion Research. Durham, NH: Family Research
Laboratory. *CA2, $1.50
Straus, Murray A. 1980. "The 'ZP' scale: a percentaged Z score scale." Durham, NH: Family
Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire. *M23, $1.50.
Straus, Murray A. 1964. "Measuring families." Chapter 10 in Harold T. Christenson (ed.),
Handbook of Marriage and the Family. Chicago: Rand McNally. #39.
Straus, Murray A. 1969. "Phenomenal identity and conceptual equivalence of measurement
in cross-national research." Journal of Marriage and the Family 31 (May):233-239.
*SC11, $2.00.
Straus, Murray A. 1969. Family Measurement Techniques. Minneapolis: University of
Minnesota Press. Revised Editions: 1978 (with Bruce W. Brown), and 1990 Handbook
of Family Measurement Techniques (with John Touliatos and Barry Perlmutter).
Straus, Murray A. & Fumie Kumagai. 1980. "An empirical comparison of eleven methods of
constructing indexes." Durham, NH: Family Research Laboratory. *M25, $2.00.
Straus, Murray A. 1990. "The Strength of Weak Indicators: A Response to Gilles, Brown,
Gallate, and Deluxe." Sociological Quarterly 31:619-624. SR35X.
Straus, Murray A. 1992 "Assessing Family Functioning Via Questionnaire and Interview
Measures." Paper prepared for the NIMH working group on Methodological Issues in the
Study of the Family. Washington, D.C. M37.
Straus, Murray A. and Barbara Wauchope. 1992. "Measurement Instruments." Pp. 1236-1240
in Encyclopedia of Sociology, Vol. 2, edited by Edgar F. Borgatta and Marie L. Borgatta.
NY: Macmillian Publishing Co. *M35, $1.50.
Straus, Murray A., and Susan M. Ross. 1995. "Measures of Family Characteristics."
Encyclopedia of Marriage and the Family. NY: Macmillian. *M39, $1.50.
THE CONFLICT TACTICS SCALES
(CTS, CTS2, CTSPC)
The revised CTS has two versions, one for use with married, cohabiting, or dating
partners (called the CTS2), and the other to obtain information about the behavior of parents
toward a child (called the CTSPC).
The original CTS has three scales: Reasoning, Verbal/Symbolic Aggression, and Physical
Violence. The (CTS2) has improved versions of the three original scales (renamed as
Negotiation, Psychological Aggression, and Physical Assault), and new scales to measure
Sexual Coercion and Injury. The PCTS has greatly improved versions of these scales (now
named Non-Violent Discipline, Psychological Aggression, and Physical Assault) and new
supplemental scales to measures Weekly Discipline, Neglect, and Sexual Abuse.
Straus, Murray A. 1995. Manual For the Conflict Tactics Scales. Durham, NH: Family
Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire. This 350 page manual includes all
versions of the CTS and most of the currently available CTS series publications listed
below, plus some other papers, and Spanish translations of the original CTS, forms N
and R. See Table of contents attached to this document. *CTS Manual $25.00.
The Revised CTS
Straus, Murray A., Hamby, Sherry L, Sue Boney-McCoy, and David B. Sugarman. (1996). The
revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2): Development & Preliminary Psychometric Data.
Journal of Family Issues 17(3):283-316 This paper includes a copy of the revised
CTS. *CTS15 $3.00.
Straus, Murray A., Hamby, Sherry L, Finkelhor, David, & Runyan, Desmond. (1995).
Identification of Child Abuse with the The Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales (CTSPC):
Development and Psychometric data for a National sample of American parents.
Durham, NH: Family Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire. *CTS17.
$5.00.
Hamby, Sherry L. and Tsang, Chiu-Wai Rita. (1996). Respondent comments on the CTS2:
Implications for assessment of partner violence. Durham, NH: Family Research
Laboratory, University of New Hampshire. CTS20
Original CTS
Most of the content of the following items also apply to the CTS2 or the CTSPC.
Aldarondo, Etiony and Murray A. Straus. 1994. "Screening for Physical Violence in Couple
Therapy: Methodological, Practical, and Ethical Considerations." Family Process,
33:425-439. *CTS10 $2.50
Ford, David A. 1990. "Validity of Using the Conflict Tactics Scale in the Indianapolis
Prosecution Experiment." Durham, NH: Family Research Laboratory, University of New
Hampshire. CTS9
Hamby, Sherry L., Valerie C. Poindexter., & Bernadette Gray-Little. 1995. "Four Measures of
Partner Violence: Construct Similarity and Classification Differences." Journal of
Marriage and the Family. 58:127-139. *CTS16 $2.50.
Straus, Murray A. 1979 "Measuring Intrafamily Conflict and Violence: The Conflict Tactics
(CTS) Scales." Journal of Marriage and the Family 41(1):75-88. A revised version is
in Straus and Gelles (1990) Physical Violence in American Families. *CTS2X $2.00
Straus, Murray A. 1981. "Re-evaluation of the Conflict Tactics Scale." Paper presented at the
National Conference for Family Violence Researchers, July, 1981. CTS3.
Straus, Murray A. 1990 "Injury, Frequency, and the `Representative Sample Fallacy' in
Measuring Wife Beating and Child Abuse." In Physical Violence in American Families:
Risk Factors and Adaptations to Violence in 8,145 Families, edited by Murray A. Straus
and Richard J. Gelles. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publications. *CTS6 $1.50
Straus, Murray A. 1990 "New Scoring Methods for Violence and New Norms for the Conflict
Tactics Scales." Appendix B in Physical Violence in American Families: Risk Factors and
Adaptations to Violence in 8,145 Families, edited by Murray A. Straus and Richard J.
Gelles. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publications. *CTS5 $2.00
Straus, Murray A. 1990 "The Conflict Tactics Scales and Its Critics: An Evaluation and New
Data on Validity and Reliability." In Physical Violence in American Families: Risk Factors
and Adaptations to Violence in 8,145 Families, edited by Murray A. Straus and Richard
J. Gelles. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publications. *CTS4 $2.00
Straus, Murray A. 1993. "Identifying Offenders in Criminal Justice Research on Domestic
Assault." American Behavioral Scientist. 36(5):587-600. *CTS8, $1.50
Straus, Murray A. 1994 "Bibliography of Research on the Conflict Tactics Scales, 2nd edition."
Durham, NH: Family Research Laboratory. *CTS11 $2.00
Straus, Murray A. and Sherry L. Hamby. 1995. "Measuring Physical and Psychological
Maltreatment of children with the Conflict Tactics Scales" Durham, NH: University of
New Hampshire. The data in this article are based on the original CTS. However, a
copy of the revised version (the CTSPC) is appended. Most of the material applies to
both the CTSPC as well as to the original CTS. *CTS7 $3.00.
Yodanis, Carrie, and Murray A. Straus. 1995. Tabular summaries of methodological
characteristics of research using the CTS. Durham, NH: Family Research Laboratory,
University of New Hampshire. *CTS18 $4.00
PAPERS ON MEASURES OF ABUSE OF PARTNERS AND
CHILDREN IN ADDITION TO THE CTS
Saunders, Daniel G., Ann B. Lynch, Marcia Grayson and Daniel Linz. 1987. "The Inventory of
Beliefs About Wife-Beating: The Construction and Initial Validation of a Measure of
Beliefs and Attitudes." Violence and Victims 2 (Spring):39-57. VX29, $1.50
Straus, Murray A. 1991. "Conceptualization and Measurement of Battering: Implications for
Public Policy." Pp. 19-47 in Michael Steinman, Ed. Woman Battering: Policy Responses.
Cincinnati: Anderson Publishing Co. *VB30, $2.00.
Straus, Murray A. 1992. "Measurement Instruments in Child Abuse Research." Paper
presented at the National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, panel on
research on Child Abuse and Neglect. *M38, $1.50
Sugarman, David B. and Gerald T. Hotaling. In Press 1996. "Intimate Violence and Social
desirability: A Meta-Analytic Review" Journal of Interpersonal Violence MT5.
THE VIOLENCE RISK MARKER INVENTORY (VRMI)
The VRMI is a multi-scale instrument that, when completed, will provide a profile of scores for
variables that have an empirically demonstrated relationship with physical violence against a
partner in a marital, cohabiting, or dating, relationship. The VRMI will measure two types of
"risk markers" (1) Interpersonal, i.e. characteristics of the relationship such as the balance of
power, (2) Intrapsychic, i.e. characteristics of the respondent such as antisocial personality.
There will be about 8 interpersonal and 8 intrapsychic risk factor scales. The average testing
time will be about 20 minutes. Seventh grade reading ability is needed. The scales developed
so far are described in the following papers:
Ross, Susan M., and Murray A. Straus. 1995. "The Social Integration Scale" Paper presented
at the 4th International Conference on Family Violence. Durham, NH: Family Research
Laboratory, University of New Hampshire. *VR2 $2.00
Straus, Murray A., E. Milling Kinard., and Linda Williams. 1995. "The Neglect Scale" Paper
presented at the 4th International Conference on Family Violence. Durham, NH: Family
Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire. *VR1 $2.50.
The Dominance Scale. See Hamby reference in the section on Power and Dominance.
Yodanis, Carrie L. and Murray A. Straus. 1996. You can't live with them: Development of an
improved measure of gender hostility. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the
Eastern Sociological Society, Boston: March, 1996. VR4.
Straus, Murray A. And Carrie L. Yodanis. 1996. Gender hostility and violence against dating
Partners. Paper presented at the 12th World Meeting of the International Society for
Research On Aggression. Strasbourg, France, August ??. VR5
THE PERSONAL AND RELATIONSHIP PROFILE (PRP)
The PRP will combine the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) and the Violence Risk